Theory of Imogene King
When it comes to nursing theory there are different views and outlooks on how to approach patient interactions. Imogene King is one theorist that describes how a patient relationship and goal attainment grows in relationship to several systems. Some of the systems that King felt played a role in a person’s goal attainment are personal, interpersonal, and social. Each of these three systems have paradigms that also play a role in King’s theory (Nursing Theory, 2013, para 2). This paper will serve to discuss personal definitions of human, health, environment, and nursing. This paper will also serve to give an example of King’s theory in practice as well as to discuss the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) process
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When it comes to theory there are no incorrect responses to the personal definitions. Below is the personal definitions of human, environment, nursing, and health compared to the definitions of Imogene King.
Human
The personal definition of a human is one that has life and varied characteristics, and the ability to make selections about that life. Imogene King felt that a human was one that has the ability to perceive, think, feel, choose, set goals, and to make decisions (Nursing Theory, 2013, para. 4). King also felt that humans had three fundamental needs in life; for health information, to seek out medical care, and to care when care is needed (Peteprin, 2015, para 2). Both the personal definition and the King definition feel that a human has the ability to make selections about life.
Environment
Like before, a personal definition of environment is any internal or external space that a patient has relationship with. For King, she felt that environment was the background for human interactions. King also felt that there are internal and external factors that play a role when it comes a patient environment. Internal environment was defined by King as the ability to adjust to external factors, while external was what surrounded the patient that may cause a change (Sieloff & Messmer,
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The steps of the nursing process are: assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementations, and evaluation.
The theory explains that assessment takes place during interaction. The nurse uses his or her special knowledge and skills while the patient delivers knowledge of him or her self, as well as the perception of problems of concern to the interaction. During this phase, the nurse gathers data about the patient including his or her growth and development, the perception of self, and current health status. Perception is the base for the collection and interpretation of data. Communication is required to verify the accuracy of the perception, as well as for interaction and translation.
The next phase is the nursing diagnosis. This phase is developed using the data collected in the assessment. In the process of attaining goals, the nurse identifies problems, concerns, and disturbances about which the patient is seeking
The second concept, the environment, is the setting that can be controlled by the nurse or an individual to augment comfort. (Masters, 2017). In a hospital setting this could include dimming the lights, providing a low stimulation environment, or limiting visitors. Another example may be removing an individual from a situation that is not conducive to healing. Health is the third concept and refers to the orchestration and collaboration of those involved in assisting the patient to a state of well-being. Lastly, the concept of nursing describes the utilization of the nursing process of assessment, planning, intervention to meet the comfort needs of the individual and evaluating the effectiveness of those
In the history of nursing we have come a long way and this is because of the nurses before us. They wanted to learn, lead, teach and make a difference in the care of patients. There are 4 main nurse theorists in the second part of our text book. I am going show how they are alike and different from one another. What makes each one of them unique and the differences they played in the development of each nursing philosophy.
Based on this theory, it is focuses on individuals who are in poor health and under the physician’s care. She believes that major concern in nursing is resolving individual’s need for help by using an interactive discipline process that is gained through training. Orlando (1990) observed that her interpretation of nursing process is wider than the one usually advocated in undergraduate nursing curriculum. This theory give large impact on nursing education in North America and globally, although the emphasis on the process itself may have detracted from wider intent of theory to improve the interaction between client and nurses. She defines the actual role of nurses is to perceive the client as an individual. Nursing students are unaware that original intent of Orlando’s theory was to provide a theory of efficient practice and not an instrument to guide the nurse’s
... M.A. (2006). Applications of Dorthea Orem's self care deficit nursing theory. In M.E. Parker (Ed.) (2006). Nursing theory and nursing practice (2nd ed., pp. 149-155). Philadelphia: EA. Davis Company.
The nursing process is based upon five steps. The first step is the assessment phase; this can range from body system specific to head-to-toe assessment. These assessments are both subjective and objective and must be properly documented, organized and validated (Taylor et al, 2011). The second phase of the nursing process is formulating a diagnosis. The nurse identifies the patient’s needs and strengths from reviewing the previous assessments and determines what the nursing diagnosis should be. Then comes the planning phase where the nurse organizes the interventions by priority based upon the assessments and creates a plan for the patient to work on ...
According to Nightingale, person was the one who was the recipient of the care that the nurse was giving. In her writings, “patients” are what she referred the individuals as. The people had embodied numerous elements such as biological, social, psychological, and spiritual, therefore being thought of as multidimensional. The cure and prevention of diseases had been related to the biological aspect. Interactions within society was the social element of people. Items that would define any thought processes, an individual’s self-concept, their feelings, and intellect were a part of the psychological component. The values that people had which would help them to determine whether decision that they were making were right or wrong had
Every person’s needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse-patient relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory recognizes a person’s needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses and works on the restoration and maintenance of total health rather than only specific parts or aspect of the patient’s body or personality. And these are possible only through a positive healing relationship between the patient and the nurse (Conway et al, Johnson).
When a nurse is providing patient care, he/she creates a safe environment for the patient and enables the choice to establish a relationship on a human to human interaction or on a transpersonal level. The patient will be acknowledged as a person with the wholeness of their soul despite their illness or number on the bed. The ten carative factors in this theory are used as an education tool for nurses around the world and should be applied to the different care situations in practice. Nurses use the factors to promote growth in themselves and within the patient. A nurse should respect the patient’s decisions and take the time to fully be present in the moments with the patient. A lot of nurses complain about the time limitations they have and do not provide the necessary amount of time to listen and gather the patient’s perspective of the situation. Another way this theory can be applied to practice is by recognizing the caring moment between you and the patient. This will determine how the relationship will
Mary Stewart defines the domain of person in having” the ability to think and conceptualize, the capacity to interact with others, the need for boundaries, and the use of language” (Masters, 2017 pp. 105). I believe the person is the center of the domains within the conceptual model and that they are the receivers of the care. The second domain being environment is the surrounding in which the person domain resides in. Stewart suggests the importance for nurses to look beyond the person but towards the surroundings (Masters, 2017). Reasons to looking beyond the person are because the environment does many times have an influence on the quality of life; with that being said making a difference in a person’s environment can overall create a different outcome. For example, a homeless man who is sick from a cold from having no shelter. Change the environment of that homeless man with a shelter and he has a better chance of not being sick or cold. The third domain being the health domain is a domain that is totally unique and has a subjective meaning depending on the person. One person might describe their health as not being ill but to another having their chronic diabetes under control. There is no one standard of health baseline because everyone’s perception of health is different; so this concept of health is an individualized focused domain of the person’s state. The last domain nursing, Stewart describes the meaning provided by the American Nursing Association as “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, preventing illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response” (Masters, 2017, pp.106). I believe this final domain is the basis and foundation of nursing, so it is the nurse’s action towards the plan of care to the patient’s health
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (3 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
This interactive grand theory is grounded in humanist philosophy, which expresses the belief that humans are unitary beings and energy fields in constant interaction with the universal energy field. This model guides the nurse who is interested in “physiologic” and “psychological” adoptions (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 177). This model views the nurse as holistic adaptive system constantly interacting with different stimuli. And also explains how different sets of interrelated systems maintain a balance between various stimuli to promote individual and environmental transformation (Alkrisat & Dee, 2014). This model creates a framework to provide care for individuals in health and “in acute, chronic, or terminal illness” (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015, p. 1834). It focuses on improving basic life processes of individuals, families, groups of people; nurses see communities as holistic adaptive systems. It consists of three basic assumptions: philosophical, scientific, and cultural. And it also contains many defined concepts about the environment, health, person, goal of nursing, adaptation, focal, contextual, and residual stimuli, cognator and regulator subsystem, and stabilizer and innovator control processes (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p.
King developed the theory of Goal Attainment based on her conceptual system for nursing practice in 1971 (MOSBY). She focused primarily on the ability to function in social roles and the assumption that the “focus of nursing is human beings interacting with their environment, leading to a state of health” (Alligood & Tomey, 2010, p. 292). She questioned the nature of nursing and concluded that “the way in which nurses, in their role, do with and for individuals... differentiates … [the nurse] from other health professionals” (Alligood & Tomey, 2010, p. 291). Using this principle, King observed nurse and patient interactions to design a model depicting theoretical principles which are ...
Describes the purpose of nursing is to help others recognize their felt problems. Nurses should apply principles of human relations to the difficulties that arise at all levels of experience. Peplau's theory describes the phases of interpersonal process, roles in nursing situations and methods for studying nursing as an interpersonal process. She defined nursing as the therapeutic relationship between both individuals; therefore, it necessitated that the nurse interact with the patient purposefully (Senn, 2013, p. 32). Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art, helping an individual who is sick or in necessity of health care. Nursing is an interpersonal process because it implicates interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. The attainment of goal is achieved through the use of a sequence of steps following a series of pattern. The nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the
Sampaio, C., & Guedes, M. (2012). Nursing process as a strategy in the development of
Because Henderson’s definition is so broad, it can be applied to almost every setting in which a nurse is providing care to a patient. Since the theory being so broad, one can question how two different patients would be treated in the emergency room. If one patient came in with stomach aches, while another came in with a large laceration on their arm, would they be treated the same? As Henderson’s definition provides the basic goal of helping a patient gain health and independence, one can assume that both patients would be treated the same on the basis that the nurses would treat them in a way to assist them in gaining health and independence.