The purpose of this paper is to explore the affect of hypertension in the pregnant population in relation to mother and fetus. Risk factors such as familial history, prior hypertension and multiparous women all contribute to this disease. Due to the pathophysiology of pregnancy- induced hypertension, it is common to have births of fetuses that have intrauterine growth restrictions because of the lack of food and blood supply.
Hypertension is a prevalent disease that is seen throughout all walks of life and starts at many different ages. This paper will be focusing on one form of the disease known as pregnancy-induced hypertension. When obtaining a blood pressure, the force of blood being pushed against the blood vessels when
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Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure seen at the end of pregnancy and is asymptomatic. Lastly pregnancy- induced hypertension, is a new onset of hypertension that appears after 20 weeks of gestation that is symptomatic. If left untreated pregnancy induced hypertension can lead to multi-organ disease and can cause a condition called eclampsia. Causes of pregnancy- induced hypertension have been linked to a mother with multiple fetuses, a prior history of pregnancy- induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of kidney disease, teenage pregnancy, a mother older than 40, or a family history of pregnancy- induced hypertension. There are very distinct clinical findings in the patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Patients will have a complaint of a headache that is not resolved by medication, change in vision or seeing spots before their eyes, abdominal pain in the epigastric area that radiates to the right flank. Objective findings for\\ this patient will be changes in reflexes, decreased urine output, proteinuria or hematuria, rapid weight gain, and swelling of the feet, hands and face. In more severe cases, an electrocardiogram may reveal myocardial …show more content…
Essential hypertension is a blood pressure that is above the normal reading of 120/80 with no identifiable cause. This form of hypertension is mainly seen in elderly patients due to the hardening of the vessels that occur with age. Non-modifiable risk factors increase the chances for essential hypertension such as family history, age and ethnic background. Secondary hypertension is an increase in the blood pressure, however this form of hypertension varies from essential because there is a clear identifiable cause. Clinical findings of secondary hypertension are ophthalmic damage, renal insufficiency, malignant hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (Dunphy, Porter, Winland-Brown, & Thomas, 2011, p 427). In secondary hypertension, patients have various modifiable risk factors such as obesity, over use of NSAIDs, poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, over use of steroids, diet pills and herbal supplements (licorice). White coat hypertension is caused by anxiety when in a medical environment. This form of hypertension can lead to over prescription of unnecessary
How does this history of high blood pressure demonstrate the problem description and etiology components of the P.E.R.I.E. process? What different types of studies were used to establish etiology or contributory cause?
Eden, Elizabeth. "HowStuffWorks "Pregnancy Complications in Older Mothers" HowStuffWorks. N.p., 16 Nov. 2006. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder commonly experienced by women in the third trimester of pregnancy. It often presents onset elevated blood pressure, neurological impairments, and persistent headache.
Estimate frequency of multiple conceptions, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, Pre-eclempsia, preterm delivery and different modes of delivery in these pregnancies.
High blood pressure is called the “silent killer” because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people don’t know they have it. For most patients, high blood pressure is found when they visit their health care provider or have it checked elsewhere. Because there are no symptoms, people can develop heart disease and kidney problems without knowing they have high blood pressure. Some people may experience: bad headache, mild dizziness, and blurry vision. Traditionally, diagnosis of high blood pressure (BP) has relied on consecutive checks of clinic BP over a 2 to 3 month period, with hypertension confirmed if BP remains persistently raised over 140/90 mmHg. This method of diagnosis has significant limitations because the BP measured for an individual patient in a clinic setting may not reflect their BP in day-to-day life. The main concern is that as a result of the “white coat syndrome”, hypertension may be over-diagnosed when checked in the clinic setting; resulting ...
The causes of hypertension are unknown. However; hypertension can be classified into two categories primary and secondary. Primary (essential) hypertension is increas...
That is why I chose to write on this aspect of heart disease because it has a lot of risk factors surround it which include hypertension, cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and psychological states (such as depression) that contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. I do have preeclampsia whenever I am pregnant, my third child I had what is called HELLP syndrome after childbirth. Which has a lot to do with high blood pressure? The approach to the management for all risk factors requires partnerships to find the solution to your heart problem among the healthcare team, the patient and family, and the community. The goal of this partnership is to assure an effective exchange of information rating to stages of the heart problem, sharing of concerns, and improved understanding of treatments with the aim of improving quality-of-life and health outcomes, which is what am going through being pregnant again for the fourth time effective patient education and counseling as well as active patient involvement are crucial, I have been praying and getting involved in little exercise to help keep fit and eating healthy as well . Successful clinical management depends on patients' understanding of their condition, their ability to safely adhere to complex medical therapies, and their willingness to communicate on a regular basis with
Preeclampsia is due to generalized vasospasm. In natural pregnancy, vascular volume and cardiac output increase significantly, but despite these increases, blood pressure does not rise in normal pregnancy. This is because pregnant women resistance to the effects of vasoconstrictors such as angiotension. However, in preeclampsia, peripheral vascular resistance increase because some women are sensitive to angiotension
Any woman might develop gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. However, there are certain risk factors that increase your chance of developing gestational diabetes. Those risk factors include: overweight, family history of diabetes, being of an ethnic group with an increased risk for gestational diabetes, older than twenty-five, if you have had pre-diabetes or high glucose, previously had gestational diabetes. (IHC, 2013)
Vicki is a 42-year-old African American woman who was diagnosed with Hypertension a month ago. She has been married to her high school sweetheart for the past 20 years. She is self-employed and runs a successful insurance agency. Her work requires frequent travel and Vicki often has to eat at fast food restaurants for most of her meals. A poor diet that is high in salt and fat and low in nutrients for the body and stress from her job are contributing factors of Vicki’s diagnosis of hypertension. This paper will discuss the diagnostic testing, Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatments, the prognosis for hypertension, appropriate treatment for Vicki, patient education, and potential barriers to therapy that Vicki may experience.
In scientific research, quantitative methods are used in order to provide empirical data for the investigation of various phenomena. In their article, Cruz et al., (2016) use quantitative research to identify the specific variables that apply to the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This paper analyzes the research qualities of the article, noting that it fails to live up to the standards expected of quantitative research.
...ity of the ankles (Sports Medicine Australia 2009). It is also noted that there will also be the increase in resting heart rate, due to the heart now working harder, transporting blood to the mother as well as fetus (increase in blood volume). The decrease in blood pressure, is often recognizable within the second trimester, simply because there is a development in blood vessels, which are needed to supply the placenta – this causing the decrease in blood pressure. With this being said, this all links up to the changes in blood volume (increase) and VO2 max. As the pregnancy develops and progresses, one will often find that the transporting the oxygen also improves, hence due to the oxygen levels increasing or improving, this simply means that oxygen to other parts of the body (muscles) will increase too, all designed to meet what is needed of the growing fetus.
“Hyperemesis gravidarum is a relatively rare coniditon, occurring in about 0.3% to 2% of all pregnancies” (Davidson, London, &Ladewig, 2012). It is described as a condition in which nausea and vomiting are so severe that they affect both the mother’s nutritional and hydration status. It is still unknown what specifically causes hyperemesis gravidarum, but it is suggested that the levels of hCG and other pregnancy hormones play a role. Signs and symptoms that the illness is in fact hyperemesis gravidarum, and not just “morning sickness”, include not being able to keep any food down, lightheadedness or fainting, electrolyte imbalances, weight loss, and dehydration. According to Davidson, London, and Ladwig, “The diagnostic criteria for hyperemesis include a history of intractable vomiting in the first half of pregnancy, dehydration, ketonuria, and a weight loss of 5% of prepregnancy weight” (Davidson, London, & Ladewig, ...
When a women is undergoing maternal changes during pregnancy the body makes drastic changes. Hormones are all over the place and organs are maturing in all new ways. For some women these changes can have a negative impact on the heart. The plasma volume during pregnancy increases about 40% causing the heart to work harder to pump the new amount of blood, and maintain blood pressure at an equilibrium. Women who suffer from cardiac disease during pregnancy are at higher risk for cardiac complications throughout pregnancy, labor, and postpartum recovery. It is important that any member of the multidisciplinary team to a women with a history of cardiac disease testing and take assessment measures very seriously. Any signs of possible irregularities
Chambers, C. D., Polifka, J. E., & Friedman, J. M. (2008). Drug safety in pregnant women and their babies: ignorance not bliss. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 83(1), 181-183.