This lab session was completed in order to understand how muscles and tissue work together in our bodies to make daily activities possible. Each pair of students observed three types of muscle (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac) under the microscope. As one observed the muscle through the eyepiece, they drew what they saw in the field of view in the results section for later observation. After they observed the muscles, they took bone and cartilage slides and observed it under the microscope as well. The bone slide that was used was a part of ground bone while the cartilage that was used was elastic cartilage, fibrous cartilage, and hyaline cartilage. As the previous tissues, these were also draw and labeled in the results section to be later observed and able to be understood how our bodies work together and help us do what we want to do.
II- Introduction:
In order for vertebrates to be supported and move, certain tissues are involved which include muscle, bone, and cartilage. When the muscles contract they produce motion as well as muscle moving radiates heat to help control our body temperature; therefore, there are three different types of muscle tissue: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Cardiac muscle is the muscle that is only found in the heart; hence, the prefix word “cardio” means “heart” in Greek (Miller, Levine. (2006). Pearson Prentice Hall. Biology.). This muscle appears to be striated, which means it has alternating light and dark bands (striations) which includes red and white fibers and contain proteins. These red fibers are high in oxygen and can be classified as slow oxidative, which means they have a slow twitch. The white fibers are in fact low in oxygen and are fast glycolidtic which means they have a fast twi...
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...http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/muscular-dystrophy/DS00200/DSECTION=symptoms
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In this paper I will clarify the relation between the integumentary system and the skeletal system. During this paper I will address how the two systems work together to maintain homeostasis and what occurs when balance is not maintained between the integumentary and skeletal system. During this paper I will explain how osteoporosis is directly linked between both the integumentary and skeletal system and ways to prevent or yield this disease.
Kinesiology: The Mechanics & Pathomechanics of Human Movement (Second ed.). Glenside, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Qiao T, Liu C and Ran F. (2005) The impact of gastrocnemius muscle cell changes in chronic venous insufficiency. Eur J Vasc Endovase Surg 30; 430-436.
Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2013). Human anatomy & physiology (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
When a muscle contracts and relaxes without receiving signals from nerves it is known as myogenic. In the human body, the cardiac muscle is myogenic as this configuration of contractions controls the heartbeat. Within the wall of the right atrium is the sino-atrial node (SAN), which is where the process of the heartbeat begins. It directs consistent waves of electrical activity to the atrial walls, instigating the right and the left atria to contract at the same time. During this stage, the non conducting collagen tissue within the heart prevents the waves of electrical activity from being passed directly from the atria to the ventricles because if this were to happen, it would cause a backflow. Due to this barrier, The waves of electrical energy are directed from the SAN to the atrioventricular node (AVN) which is responsible for transferring the energy to the purkyne fibres in the right and left ventricle walls. Following this, there is a pause before the wave is passed on in order to assure the atria has emptied. After this delay, the walls of the right and left ventricles contract
Every day we use our skeletal muscle to do simple task and without skeletal muscles, we will not be able to do anything. Szent-Gyorgyi (2011) muscle tissue contraction in rabbit’s muscles and discovered that ATP is a source for muscle contraction and not ADP. He proposed a mechanism to cellular respiration and was later used by Sir Hans Krebs to investigate the steps to glucose catabolism to make ATP. In this paper, I will be discussing the structure of muscle fibers and skeletal muscles, muscle contraction, biomechanics, and how glucose and fat are metabolized in the skeletal muscles.
This report will explore the structure and function of skeletal muscle within the human body. There are three muscle classifications: smooth (looks smooth), cardiac (looks striated) and skeletal (looks striated). Smooth muscle is found within blood vessels, the gut and the intestines; it assists the movement of substances by contracting and relaxing, this is an involuntary effort. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which contracts rhythmically nonstop for the entire duration of a person’s life and again is an involuntary movement of the body. The main focus of this report is on skeletal muscle and the movement produced which is inflicted by conscious thought unless there is a potentially harmful stimulus and then reaction is due to reflex, as the body naturally wants to protect itself. Skeletal muscle is found attached to bones and when they contract and relax they produce movement, there is a specific process that the muscle fibers go through to allow this to occur.
occurs so the heat deep in the muscles is conserved. Since the vessels are now
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles play a vital role in the everyday processes that allow the human body to function. Without these muscles, everyday tasks and functions could not be conducted. Injury to these muscles could cause serious problems, however, these muscles have the ability to regenerate, repair, and fix multiple problems all by themselves. Repair and regeneration of a muscle are two similar, yet different things. Repair restores muscle continuity so that it can continue to function in the same way as before injury, but does not completely restore the pre-injury structure like regeneration (Huijbregts, 2001). Muscle repair and regeneration take place after an injury, after surgery, after atrophy, and even after working out.
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition by Eldra Pear Soloman (pgs. 51 and 58)
Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary muscle found only in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium. Cardiac muscles contract automatically to tighten the walls of the heart in a rhythmic fashion. The heart beats nonstop about 100,000 times each day. Smooth muscle is a type of involuntary muscle found within the walls of blood vessels such as in small arteries and veins. Smooth muscle is also found in the urinary bladder, uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract. Skeletal muscles are voluntarily controlled and are attached to bones by tendons. Skeletal muscles also vary considerably in size and shape. They range from extremely tiny strands such as in the muscle of the middle ear as large like in the muscles of the thigh. The three individual muscle types also serve five main functions. The five basic functions are movement, organ protection, pumping blood, aiding digestion, and ensuring blood flow.
Skeletal and smooth muscle cells show a number of similarities however they also display many differences. These similarities and differences can be seen through observing the structure and appearance of these cells, their control mechanisms and the ways in which they contract.
The heart is two sided and has four chambers and is mostly made up of muscle. The heart’s muscles are different from other muscles in the body because the heart’s muscles cannot become tired, so the muscle is always expanding and contacting. The heart usually beats between 60 and 100 beats per minute. In the right side of the heart, there is low pressure and its job is to send red blood cells. Blood enters the right heart through a chamber which is called right atrium. The right atrium is another word for entry room. Since the atrium is located above the right ventricle, a mixture of gravity and a squeeze pushes tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The tricuspid is made up of three things that allow blood to travel from top to bottom in the heart but closes to prevent the blood from backing up in the right atrium.
I found out that this is because the blood is feeding the muscles oxygen at first then the body wants to lose heat from the body created my movement as well so the blood vessels
“Fibroblast responses to variation in soft tissue mobilization pressure.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. April 1999: 531-5. Hargrove, Eugene C., ed. Animal Rights/Environmental Ethics Debate, Inc. Environmental Perspective.
Muscle tissues grow by means of physical activity in the same way they are able to become more well-defined (with regards to physical