Hildegard of Bingen, also known as Hildegard von Bingen in German, or Saint Hildegard, was a composer, musician, poet, playwright, and a philosopher in the eleventh century. In Germany she is also considered to be the founder of scientific natural history. Hildegard was recognized as a visionary in the church in the twelfth century. Hildegard began to take record of her visions and document that she saw all things in the light of God via her five senses. She wrote three volumes of visionary theology called “Scivias,” “Liber Vitae Meritorum,” and “Liber Divinorum Operum”. One of her most famous works as a composer is the “Ordo Virtutum” and is arguably the oldest surviving morality play. Hildegard also wrote many scientific and medicinal
While her ideas corresponded with her visionary works, she had never claimed that this was where her knowledge came from. Rather, it is likely that she gained this knowledge through experience through working with Jutta in the monastery’s infirmary and herbal garden. She also had access to the monastery’s library which contained several books featuring theoretical information from which she could have learned. Hildegard wrote two works regarding her knowledge in this field, her first work was called the “Physica” and the other “Causae et Curae”. The “Physica,” contained around nine books that would describe scientific and medicinal properties of various things in the world in great detail. “Causae et Curae” on the other hand explored the human body and causes and cures for various diseases. This piece also explores human sexuality, psychology, physiology, and animal health practices. In “Causae et Curae”, Hildegard wrote that in order to cure colic, severe pain in the abdomen, one should, “-take a bit of ginger and cinnamon and grind them up. Then [they] should take some sage, fennel, tansy, mash it all together, then boil in either honey or wine” (Hildegard, pg 183). This is just one of the few excerpts from “Causae et Curae”, on how to cure one of the many diseases listed in the
The essay Eating Chili Peppers, written by Jeremy MacClancy, is a description essay. This author demonstrates a concise descriptive nature using a very fixed vantage point. It is clear to any reader what the author’s opinion of eating chili peppers is. The writer uses various similes to ignite the reader’s senses and leave a dominant impression. For example, “Biting into a tabasco pepper is like aiming a flame-thrower at your parted lips” (287) and “Tears stripe your cheeks, and your mouth belches fire like a dragon celebrating its return to life” (287).
Gabriel Fallopius was born in the year of 1523 (no exact DOB). He was raised in Modena, Italy where his parents directed him for a career toward the church (Science and It’s Time). Over time he started to change his route and started to study in the medical field towards being a surgeon. When he started to do surgery, most of the outcomes were fatal. From that point on, he decided it would be better to do medical studies. He attended the medical school in Ferrara, Italy. For the next few years, Gabriel did studies in the medical field. In 1945, Gabriel was asked to become the Chair of Anatomy at the University of Pisa. Then again in 1549, he became the famous chair of anatomy at the University of Padua. There he inspired many students and tutored them to become professionals in the medical field. Many of these students included Fabricius ab Aquapendente (gave the first clear description of the semi lunar valves of the veins, which later provided many people with a crucial point in his famous argument for circulation of the blood) and Volcher Coiter (described human embryolo...
the grace of God and the underestimation of the enemy. Judith, whose one surviving text,
Galen, . (n.d.). On the Usefulness of the Body. (M. Tallmadge May, Trans.). N.p.: Cornell University Press. Retrieved March 25, 2014
Each time I perform I am taken into another place, another state of being. In this particular monologue, I was performing as Huldey from The Moors by Jen Silverman. This monologue was very interesting to me because I could relate to it but at the same time, the character was nothing like me. As a dramatic person, I was able to portray Huldey's actions and emotions without being tied to them in the way she is. This allowed me to be engaged with the audience which is part of step one in being a good actor. (Benedetti) Throughout this monologue I had to make several choices in order to ensure that it would not be monotonous. The monologue starts off as Huldey reading her diary. Her writing is boring but she thinks it to be the most amazing thing in the world and thinks of herself as a famous writer when in reality she is not. I had to portray this attitude with every line. Overall, I feel a did a pretty good job, However, there was one particular line that I could have placed more emphasis on and made a stronger choice. "There is nothing good in the world" could have been a really phenomenal line had I known what choice to make. In the future, I would rehearse the monologue more to see what feels right there and would be cohesive with the rest of the monologue.
Although he lived four centuries before the birth of Christ, a man named Hippocrates recorded the symptoms of diseases we still see to this day. Known as the “Father of Medicine” (Hippocrates), Hippocrates was an ancient physician who studied and recorded his observances of the body’s infections and physiology. He set forth the foundation for future physicians, and in doing so, is accredited for our knowledge of infectious diseases in earlier centuries. During this time however, many believed the earth and its inhabitants were composed of four general elements: air, water, fire, and dirt. They also believed that any one person who fell ill was being punished by the gods. As a foresighted thinker though, Hippocrates encouraged the idea that humans became ill due to natural causes. In that wisdom, he recorded all his observances of his patients and their illnesses, taking careful note of the bodily symptoms and their progression.
In Beowulf, the protagonist Beowulf is shown as a hero with extrodinary strength. This is not what makes him a hero. By definition, a hero is a man of exceptional quality. However this term does not do Beowulf justice. His self-imposed purpose in life is to help others, and eventually sacrifices his own life in doing so. Beowulf’s battle with the dragon serves as a critique of the notion that Beowulf is a hero. The Dragon section displays many of Beowulf’s heoric characteristics. Beowulf establishes himself as a hero by fighting the dragon, exemplifing strength and courage when fighting the dragon, and sacrificing himself so that others can live.
Nordqvist, Christian. “What is European Medieval & Renaissance Medicine?” MNT 2003. MediLexicon International Ltd, Bexhill-on-Sea, UK, 9 Aug. 2012. Web. 23 Jan. 2014.
Mary Tudor or Queen Mary I of England was infamously known as Bloody Mary. While many believe Bloody Mary was an evil monster, others believe she was a great queen because of her many accomplishments. Mary was actually a good devoted Catholic others still to this day believe she was an evil woman, but with these interesting facts it will be determined that Mary was a good queen.
What is a hero? The Webster dictionary describes it as, “a person...who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.” But how can mere words on a page create icons that change the course of a culture? Lost in the midst of time, two stories emerge from the medieval era, telling of two great kings who clash in various ways.
In the poem Beowulf, there are many monsters that are slayed by the hero. Like in the poem, many monsters exist in our world today. One of the monsters that attack people is a negative attitude. This monster attacks numerous people everyday, limiting their potential to succeed. However, there is a hero who battles this monster everyday. This hero is my swim coach, Jim Keogh. Coach Keogh fights off the negative attitude that attacks his swimmers in every practice. With Keogh’s help, his swimmers can accomplish their goals by fighting off the negative attitude.
There weren’t many trained doctors in Europe in the Middle Ages . In Paris in 1274 there were only 8 doctors and about 40 people practising medicine without any official training and they didn’t really understand how the body worked and why people got sick. When making a diagnosis doctors might consult medical books, astrological charts and urine samples. Some doctors believed disease was caused by bad smells or small worms, or the position of the planets or stars. They also charged very high fees, so only the rich could afford them.
In protohistoric times, the worshipers of the gods sought out mystic union with their deities by means of bodily mortification and ingestion of hallucinogenic drugs. These practices are spelled out both in the Rig Veda of India and the Chinese Book of Songs. In the Veda, Indra is worshiped in a ritual that includes large doses of soma. The Book of Songs, compiled by Confucius from the many texts of poetry and myth at his disposal, contains repeated accounts of trance and religious ekstasis. In the twenty-second chapter of St. John's Revelation, the Koine Greek term translated as sorcerers in the King James Bible is pharmakeusin Literally, this word denotes those who use drugs to achieve arcane effects. Since plants were the mainstay of medical science in those distant days, a secondary meaning might be applied: herbalists. Robin Fox, in his book Pagans and Christians, argues that the role of such figures as the Sybil of Cumae and the Delphic prophetess ...
Although it is not apparent whether or not Ancient Egyptian physicians had formal training or not, their methods for diagnosing and handling illnesses were very efficient at times. As a matter of fact, we still use some of their remedies today when we make medicines. Examples of the diagnosis and remedies for diseases in Ancient Egypt can be found in the Ebers Papyrus. This is one of the oldest known documentations of ancient medical practices, dating as far back as fifteen hundred BC. Steven Gilbert, the author of A Small Dose of Toxicology: The Health Effects of Common Chemicals, defines the text as “approximately one hundred and ten pages on anatomy and physiology, toxicology, spells, and treatment recorded on papyrus. The papyrus also has many prescriptions showing the treatment of many disorders by animal, plant, and mineral toxins that still occur today.” Modern-day examples of medical ailments mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus include Asthma, Cancer, and Belly Aches. Oddly enough, the heart, rather than the brain, was regarded as the headquarters of human knowledge in the body because this was where the abundance of emotion was said to be drawn forth from. The heart was also thought to be a means of communication between the people and the gods because people were given insight and instruction pertaining to the gods will through this organ of the body. The Egyptians did not understand how important the heart was in terms of blood circulation, as we understand it today. Their belief was that the heart was connected to all the other parts of the body, via canals, which were used to transport bodily fluids and waste to their appropriate locations. The brain’s only purpose was to transport mucus to the nose, and therefore it wa...
To begin, here is some history and background information on Beowulf. Beowulf was written in the Anglo Saxon time period. These people had a different outlook on life and how you should act. They had much respect for anyone that was older than you. They felt before you die, you needed to have some kind of glory for others to remember you by. If you had something good, people would forever remember you, like a last name that will last forever if you are lucky. Beowulf is the nephew of King Hygelac in the land of the Geats. He has never been to Denmark, or the land of the Danes. When Beowulf hears about the monster, Grendel, in the land of the Danes, he feels an obligation to go and defend these people. However, why? He doesn’t know these people. They do not even know he exists, he is a nobody. So why would he risk his life to save people that don’t even live in his land? Well isn’t this the million dollar question. In this essay I will be discussing why Beowulf traveled across the ocean to fight Grendel, Grendel’s Mother and the dragon.