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Relevance of punishment in school
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Formal education is defined by the content of lessons, or the subjects taught in school. In UK state maintained schools these form the National Curriculum, with the core subjects of English, maths and science. Formal education also includes practical skills such as woodwork and sports. The success of formal education is normally assessed by examination and measured by qualifications gained, with clear learning objectives determined and aimed for. In contrast the hidden curriculum is not any actual subject that is taught openly, instead it is what is taught through the process of day to day schooling. The hidden curriculum is made up of the things pupils learn through the experiences of attending school, typically these reinforce the beliefs, …show more content…
It is teacher-pupil interaction and the influence of peers, teaching approved forms of behaviour. It is the organisational hierarchy of the school, in which pupils defer to the teacher who in turn defer to the head of year, with a head and deputy in overall charge. These teach pupils to learn and accept their place and rank in the structure of society. Gender stereotypes are reinforced through boys and girls playing different sports and their encouragement in different subjects, traditionally science based for boys and arts based for girls. Competition and independence are taught through sports as well as the classroom, preparing pupils to enter the job market and compete for better jobs and wages. Conforming to the laws in society is learnt at school through school rules, with punishments for disobedience and rewards for compliance. Streaming children into different groups according to ability prepares children for the different levels of employment in the job market, whereas defining success or failure by grades attained in exams reinforces the acceptance of difference in pay and status. (Haralambos,
What is it that sets the difference between man and animal? Could it be our emotions? Maybe it might possibly be our wit. Or, it could be the massive amounts of knowledge and information we transfer through generation after generation. Education has been a part of humanity’s past for over 10,000 years. It’s all about preparing our children to thrive after we’re dead and gone. From learning to hunt, pick berries, and farm, to learning to read, utilize arithmetic, and conducting science, kids have been learning since homo erectus became homo sapiens. However, it’s only been in the recent century that a formal, standardized education has been forced upon most of the world. This new mandatory program put kids in a classroom for six hours a day, five days a week, jamming information they don’t want down their throats. Critics like John Taylor
Juveniles are being taught that in order to have a nice car, branded cloths and the house of their dreams, by getting into an expensive mortgage, they have to be an employee of a huge corporation. In addition, they have to undergo to a prestigious school, study hard, have excellent grades in order to become popular and respectable in the world. However, many people would not become those super leaders, but these majority of people have a great role in the capitalism society of the US. As Gatto says, “We buy televisions, and then we buy the things we see on the television. We buy computers, and then we buy the things we see on the computer. We buy $150 sneakers whether we need them or not, and when they fall apart too soon we buy another pair” (38). Such results are in part of a wrong education that teenagers have received trough many decades. In addition, Gatto highlights that modern educational system has been working in a six basic functions methods that makes the system strong and unbreakable: The adjustable function, indulge students to respect authorities. The integrating function, which builds the personality of the students as similar to each other as possible. The diagnostic and directive function, which allows a school to set permanent scholar grades in order to determinate his or her future role in society. The differentiating function, which gives to the student a good education and after his or her role is diagnosed, they prevent any educational progress. The selective function, function that the system has used to prevent academic growth for the non-selected students. The propaedeutic function, which works in the selection of specific groups of intellectual adults to keep perpetuating the system all over again making it a continuous sequence. (Gatto 34). Gatto’s facts revealed the survival of the educational system for decades,
Barker (2014, p.1) suggests that the law may be defined as a rule of human conduct, imposed upon and enforced among the members of society in which laws are inaugurated to ensure that social order continues. As a result, laws ensure that members of society may live and work together in an orderly manner by following the same rules. However, laws have different affects on individual members in society and from this point of view, this essay will focus on how laws in society affect individuals in minority and disadvantaged groups.
The first social issue of social division and the ideology of popularity that sport causes in the education system. For many years, student culture was studied by factors that high school students used to determine popularity. Research usually found that male students wanted to be remembered as athletic stars, while females wanted to be remembered
The U.S educational system’s purpose is to control the minds of its students that will be the future leaders of the country. Juveniles are being taught that in order to have a nice car, branded clothes and the house of their dreams, by getting into an expensive mortgage, they have to be an employee of a huge corporation. In addition, they have to undergo to a prestigious school, study hard, have excellent grades in order to become popular and respectable in the world. However, many people would not become those super leaders, but these majorities of people have a great role in the capitalistic society of the US. As Gatto says, “We buy televisions, and then we buy the things we see on the television. We buy computers, and then we buy the things we see on the computer. We buy $150 sneakers whether we need them or not, and when they fall apart too soon we buy another pair” (38).
In modern democratic society school curriculum has become a prioritised concern for many citizens. It is a key factor in the shaping of future generations and the development of society. Decades have lapsed and numerous attempts have been made to produce a national curriculum for Australia. In 2008 it was announced that the Rudd government in collaboration with State and Territories would produce a plan to move towards a national curriculum (Brady & Kennedy, 2010). To date this has been realised in the deliverance of the Australian Curriculum v1.2 which will be examined in this paper.
Definitions for curriculum are many and varied. Broad sweeping statements claim that curriculum is what is taught in various subjects and the amount of time given to each. While a more specific view is that curriculum are performance objectives for students that focus on specific skills or knowledge (Marsh, 2010). Marsh (2010, p. 93) defines curriculum as “an interrelated set of plans and experiences” that are completed at school. The curriculum used in education can have various interpretations, it may refer to the curriculum as a plan that encompasses all the learning that is planned and directed by the school. Cu...
Different theories present own opinion of the most effective way through curriculum models. ‘Curriculum models are approaches or procedures for implementing a curriculum’. (Wilson, 2009: 522) Commonly curriculum are described as product, process and praxis. While curriculum as a product depends on the objectives as the learning goals and the measured means, a process model focuses on learning and relationship between learner and teacher. Chosen curriculum model depends on teaching and assessment strategies in some cases determinate by awarding bodies, organisational constrains, funding body and political initiatives. The dominant modes of describing and managing education are today couched in the productive form. Objectives are set, a plan drawn up, then applied, and the outcomes (products) measured. It is a way of thinking about education that has grown in influence in the United Kingdom since the late 1970s with the rise of ‘vocationalism’ and the concern of competencies. In the late 1980s and the 1990s many of the debates about the National Curriculum for schools did not so much concern how the curriculum was thought about as to what its objectives and content might be. (Wilson, 2009)
Curriculum has been interpreted in several ways for many decades in the past. Each educator or education professional, with whom, you ask to define and interpret curriculum, will more than likely give you a different view than others you have asked on separate occasions. It’s not just educators that have different views and opinions of curriculum; lawyers, carpenters, nurses, and even stay-at-home parents all interpret and view curriculum in different ways. This even goes for different categories of schools:
The Australian Curriculum is organised in a few different ways. There are two main design elements, Curriculum content (what the teacher is to teach) and Achievement standards (what the student is to learn). There is also Reporting Framework which incorporates elements of both areas. These elements were designed to provide guidelines as to what would be included in the Australian Curriculum. The Curriculum Content is organised into categories (strands), and are presented with descriptions to report and describe what is to be taught at each year level. Together, these descriptions form the scope and sequence across all covered years of schooling (Foundation to Year Ten). The areas of study covered in each year build upon the previou...
In the contemporary world, characterized by democracy, educators have the role of not only passing necessary skills for employment purposes, but also teaching values that will enhance citizenship. In other words, educating the whole child entails passing instructions that enhances patriotism and good citizenship, leading to poverty eradication through development, instilling morals and values, while enhancing co-existence among people in the society. As illustrated by Noddings (2005), in the democratic society schools have the obligation of going beyond teaching fundamental skills if the endeavor of educating the whole child is to be met. Importantly, it is apparent that learning institutions are secondary agents of socialization where children learn important virtues and values that are essential in the society as they spend the most part of their childhood in school. In this regard, educating the whole child means transmitting values through extra-curriculum activities where both genders are integrated and also via clubs and societies where children are taught to be responsible. As well, the education curriculum should educate the whole child through transmitting of vital cultural values that enable them to avoid stereotypes when they grow into their adulthood (Lumpkin, 2008). This is because education for the whole child enhances the development of cognitive skills, which enable the child to have an understanding of causal relationships and demonstrating tolerance towards other individuals (Preston & Andy,
Sports programs have been an integral part of all schools. They support the academics of the school and therefore foster success in life. These programs are educational and help produce productive citizenship. They help students experience and build skills that may help them in their future, like interpersonal and time management skills. Education may kindle the light of knowledge, but sports help to maintain the proper physique. Sports are also an important means of entertainment and a use for energy after long hours of study. Sports increase a student’s performance not only in the classroom but also in their life.
Results indicate female alienation may be due to socially institutionalised gender roles being constructed, maintained and reproduced by male dominance and female subordination, leading to the disempowerment of female physicality (Nilges, 1998). Additionally, Ennis (1999) explains female oppression and feelings of marginalisation may be due to boys’ levels of aggression, competitiveness and attitudes of superiority during PE, enhancing opportunities for male hegemony to occur within the learning environment (Connell, 1987). Moreover, further studies have identified peer influence as an indicator towards engagement levels, exemplifying the role friendships and social interactions can play towards ongoing participation or withdrawal in sport and PA (Slater and Tiggemann, 2010). Finally, a further theme which is often found in research is the inappropriateness of activity choices made by educators when aiming to meet the needs of adolescent females (Mitchell, Gray and Inchley, 2013). Therefore, it may be argued, it is crucial for educators to become aware of the factors which can contribute to disengagement patterns and aim to challenge them, not only for their own professional practice but also to encourage females to participate in PA throughout their education and life beyond
Social institutions are an important element in the structure of human societies. They provide a structure for behavior in a particular part of social life. The five major social institutions in large societies are family, education, religion, politics, and economics. While each institution does deal with a different aspect of life, they are interrelated and intersect often in the course of daily life. For example, for schools to be able to exist they rely on funding from the government. This is an intersection between politics and education. Social institutions affect individual lives through other aspects of society such as culture, socialization, social stratification, and deviance. This paper will focus on the social institution of education, and how it affects individual lives through socialization, deviance, and social stratification.
Colardyn, Danielle and Jens Bjornavold. "Validation of Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Learning: policy and practices in EU Member States1." European journal of education, 39. 1 (2004): 69--89. Print.