Guidance (School) Counseling Guidance counseling, also called school counseling, has evolved over the years into an important part of the education system. Counselors are now taking on new roles in schools as leaders so much so that the ways in which counseling is being implemented has become a much talked about topic in schools. The effectiveness of counseling in schools is looked at by the education system more frequently than it was in the past. Though all school counselors must follow a national model for counseling, the roles and functions of counselors at various levels in the school system are different, however, school counselors at all levels of education before college are generally effective despite implications. Formal guidance programs using specialized textbooks started at the turn of the twentieth century with the social reform movement (Krumbultz & Kolpin, 2003). Because so many were outraged at people living in slums and the use of child labor, the vocational guidance movement began (Krumbultz & Kolpin, 2003). When it was first started, the movement’s aim was to guide people into the workforce to become productive members of society (Krumbultz & Kolpin, 2003). The Boston Vocational Bureau, established by Frank Parsons, was the first vocational counseling service and its model was copied by many schools, private organizations, and states (“Guidance and Counseling”, para. 3). The National Vocational Guidance system was formed in 1913 which helped to increase and legitimize the number of guidance counselors (Krumbultz & Kolpin, 2003). In the 1920s and 1930s counseling roles expanded beyond working with only vocational concerns to the social, educational, and personal aspects of a student’s life (Krumb... ... middle of paper ... ...son, P. (2002). When parents want to know: responding to parental demands for confidential information. Professional School Counseling, 6(2). Retrieved March 6, 2004, from MasterFILE Premier. What is a School Psychologist? Retrieved March 6, 2004, from www.nasponline.org/about_nasp/whatisa.html. What the research says about school counseling effectiveness: A 10 year review of Outcome studies. (2003, May 6). Retrieved March 6, 2004, from www.umass.edu/schoolcounseling/outcomeresearch.ppt. Whiston, S.C. (2002). Response to the past, present, and future of school counseling: Raising some issues. Professional School Counseling, 5(6). Retrieved March 6, 2004, from MasterFILE Premier. The ASCA national model: A framework for the school counseling programs. (2003). Professional School Counseling, 6(3). Retrieved March 4, 2004, from MasterFILE Premier.
The Native American flute is the third oldest known musical instrument in the world, with bone flutes dating back over 60,000 years. The first instrument found were drums, then varies whistle were made. Over time, the instrument evolved with many different materials and shapes. And these difference and changes reflect the culture of that time. Virtually, flutes were used all types of hardwoods and softwoods in history. They had many different configurations, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7 or 8 holes. The flute we used in class is 6 holes, and we also saw many different flutes in class, someone smaller, someone larger, someone with 3 holes, etc. The oldest flutes we have were made from wing bones of a Griffon Vulture [1] and a Whooper Swan [2], as well as one from mammoth tusk ivory [3].
Although there is value in group counseling at school, some of the problems that surface include scheduling issues, teacher resistance, and ethical concerns as well (Pérusse, 2009). Leading group counseling requires highly specialized skills (Pérusse, 2009). It is important for the counselors to have a solid foundation in group counseling theory and practice to be effective (Pérusse, 2009). As with individual counseling, counselors in this setting struggle with issues of confidentiality from parents wanting to know details of what was said but also with the issue of other students breaking confidentiality outside of group (Crespi, 2009).
The responsibilities of a professional school counselor are to design and deliver comprehensive programs to promote student achievement. The guidelines
According to Reid (1993, p.306)”Reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice”. This means making sense of practice and learning from it. It is when a nurse looks back and focuses on a certain experie...
Karp, Cary. "The Early History of the Clarinet and Chalumeau." JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2013.
In order to be able to treat the dehydration that the patient came in with, the doctors put the patient on normal saline to raise the fluid levels. The patient ended up with fluid overload. The patient came in with dehydration and within the hospital stay acquired fluid overload, how did this happen?
Now, before the clarinet was created, there was an instrument that was called the chalumeau. It was an instrument that was used to play only for a person in a solo part. The chalumeau only had “holes and later keys to produce different notes from a scale” (History of the Clarinet 1). Later in the years, the clarinet was constructed in Germany.
A suggestion made by Schon (1991) states that there are two fundamental forms of reflection: reflection-on-action and reflection-in-action. He further defined Reflection-in-action as a means of examining one’s own behaviour and that of others while in a situation (Schon, 1995, 1987). However, Grant and Greene (2001) and Revans (1998), defined reflection-on-action as focusing on identifying negative aspects of personal behaviour with a view to improving professional comp...
Compared to most other woodwind instruments, the clarinet is a fairly new instrument, explaining why there is still much controversy over its keying system and construction. The clarinet, as recognized today, first appeared in late 17th century Germany, with Beethoven and Mozart being the first to add the instrument to their symphonies. The clarinet was created by Johann Christoph Denner, when he improved the primitive single reed instrument, the chalumeau. The first design of the clarinet was impractical as it had only five keys. Many of the required notes could only be played by using cross fingerings, making it difficult to play evenly and consistently. In addition, the early system did not fully utilize the fact that the mouthpiece makes
Researching the predecessors of the clarinet would be the first step. From the Middle Ages to the Baroque, an instrument called the albogue or alboka was prominent around the Basque region in the western Pyrenees, a region between France and Spain. This instrument is a wind instrument being made of a wooden tube with a mouth piece and bell made from animal horn with uses a single reed to produce the sound.
Chalumeau or single-reed woodwind is a predecessor of nowadays clarinet and was made in late 1600s. In 1700s the woodwind maker from Germany Johann Christoph Denner improved the chalumeau by adding two more keys, reed, and separating the mouthpiece. Since 1700s, the clarinet look was changed and modified numerous times, up until its body became as we see it nowadays. The keys number was always under development as well. Sometime around 1820s, clarinet contained from twelve to thirteen keys; Whereas, modern clarinets contain from seventeen to eighteen keys.
Reflective practice is significant for nurses for a number of reasons. The three main reasons why reflective practice is crucial for nurses are explained below (Caldwell & Grobbel, 2013). Firstly, nurses are accountable for giving care to the best of their capability to patients and their families. Therefore nurses need to concentrate more on their knowledge, skills and behaviour to make sure that they are able to provide best quality care to the patients they are caring. Reflection also helps nurses to recognize their strengths and weaknesses both professionally and personally, thereby assisting in making an assessment of their own working practices. Reflective practice allows nurses to share good practice with colleagues and thus assists each other in developing a supportive team, and thereby
3. Clarinet: The clarinet consists of a closed cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening at one end.
Reflection is a dynamic procedure whereby the expert can pick up a comprehension of how authentic, social, cultural and individual experiences have contributed to expert information and practice. I believe that reflective practice is a dynamic planned procedure of basically looking at practice where an individual is tested and empowered to embrace the procedure of self-inquiry to engage the specialist to acknowledge desirable and compelling practice within a reflexive winding of individual change.
This chapter puts forward the research literature related to the current study. In the course of this, different concepts, ideas and opinions that the researchers have provided are enriched and elucidated. The conceptual literature and research literature of the guidance and counseling and evaluating guidance and counseling programs was gat...