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Gregor mendel biography
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What is genetics? This is a common, simple question in today’s world. Genetics is simply put as the study of genes, what they do, and how they work. The science of and our current understanding of genetics has come a long way since Gregor Mendel’s pea experiments. Who is Gregor Mendel? Gregor Mendel is often regarded as the forefather to the genetics that we know today. If it was not for Gregor Mendel’s early pioneering in a subject that was practically rejected during that time period, who knows where genetics would be today and who knows what we would know.1,2 Gregor Mendel was born in Austria in 1822. Before Gregor Mendel became a scientific pioneer, Mendel was a monk which is quite contradictory due to the time period and the fact …show more content…
Plant hybridization is when you cross two plants that are genetically different in order to get a new genotype. Genetic variation is simply put as the diversity in genes. I believe that Gregor Mendel used pea plants because first of all, pea plants are very cheap plants. I also believe that Gregor Mendel used pea plants because there are so many different kinds of pea plants with different distinguishable traits. For example, pea plants come in all kinds of different colors such as purple, blue, red, white, etc. Pea plants also have many different seed colors, seed shapes, pod shape, pod color, flower position, and stem length. These are all traits that Gregor Mendel tested for in his pea experiments. It is noted that Gregor Mendel also tested pea plants due to their ability to either pollinate themselves and/or pollinate other plants known as self-pollination and cross-pollination. Since Mendel was dealing with pea plants, Mendel could cross any specific trait/plant with any other trait/plant of his choosing. The use of pea plants facilitated an easy experiment while also facilitating a great scientific discovery. Gregor Mendel …show more content…
Mendel did this with seven different character traits which were flower color, seed color, seed shape, pod shape, pod color, flower position, and stem length. For example, for flower color, in Mendel’s control group, Mendel had two sets of plants, one was purple and one was white. Everything was the same between these plants other than their flower color. Mendel first began his experiment by crossing a purple-flowered plant with a white flowered plant using pollen from the white flowered plant on the purple-flowered plant. This was the P or parental generation. This cross resulted in purple-flowered plants. This new generation is called the F1 generation. Afterwards, he did the opposite and pollinated white flowered plants with pollen from the purple flowered plants. Yet again this still resulted in purple flowered plants. The outcomes of this experiment first disproved the idea that if you cross two colors, then a color that is a mixture of the two will be shown in the offspring. It also gave early rise to the idea of gene dominance. Mendel then was unsure as to why there was no longer a sign of any white in any of the
Heredity was a concept that little was known about before the 20th century. In that era, there were two main concepts that most followed about heredity. First, that heredity occurred within a species, and second, that traits were given directly from parents to offspring. These ideas led people to believe that inheritance was the result of a blend of traits within a fixed, unchanging species. In 1856, Gregor Mendel began his experiments in which he would discover the basic underlying principles of heredity.
This information supports our hypothesis for the monohybrid cross, but it does not support our hypothesis for the dihybrid cross. In the monohybrid cross, it was expected that we would get a phenotype ratio of 3 plants with anthocyanin for every 1 plant with no anthocyanin. The plants with anthocyanin were easy to differentiate because of the purple color that is shown in the phenotype of plants with anthocyanin in them (Webb 2014). The results we observed were relatively close to this ratio, and the chi-square statist tells us that the monohybrid cross did follow mendelian inheritance patterns. In a different experiment done with Brassica rapa, it was found that when a set of plants with anthocyanin present were crossed with a set of the same species of plant but without anthocyanin present, the phenotypic ratio observed was 3 to 1 (Hayashi et al. 2010). This information just reinforces the idea that a monohybrid cross between Brassica rapa with anthocyanin and without anthocyanin does produce a F2 generation that follows Mendelian inheritance patterns with a 3 to 1 phenotypic ratio. The dihybrid cross we conducted was done with the anthocyanin gene, and the color gene. The dihybrid cross did not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns, so this leads us to believe there must have been a source
The purpose of our experiment was to test whether or not the Wisconsin Fast Plants, or Brassica rapa, followed the Mendelian genetics and its law of inheritance. First, after we crossed the heterozygous F1 generation, we created an F2 generation which we used to analyze. After analyzing our results, we conducted a chi-square test for for both the F1 and F2 generations to test their “goodness of fit”. For the F1 generation we calculated an x2 value of 6.97, which was greater than the value on the chi-square table at a p-value of 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom (6.97 > 3.84). This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis that stated there would be no difference between the observed and expected values. This showed us that the F1
In today’s modern age science is moving at a rapid pace; one of those scientific fields that has taken the largest leaps is that of genetics. When genetics first comes to mind, many of us think of it as a type of science fiction, or a mystical dream. Yet genetics is here, it is real, and has numerous ethical implications.
The fruit fly, or the Drosophila melanogaster, was used in this experiment to study patterns of inheritance. It only takes a fruit fly 14 days to develop from an egg to an adult and then 12 hours before they become reproductive, so these factors made the fruit fly a good species to study, because we had enough time to do crosses. We were investigating the patterns of inheritance in the eye color and the wings. The wild type flies had red eyes and full wings, while the mutant phenotype had brown eyes and no wings. We also had to study the sexes of the flies. The male flies had darker abdominal tips and sex combs on both of their forearms. For the results, my group had predicted as follows:
The major topic of this experiment was to examine two different crosses between Drosophila fruit flies and to determine how many flies of each phenotype were produced. Phenotype refers to an individual’s appearance, where as genotype refers to an individual’s genes. The basic law of genetics that was examined in this lab was formulated by a man often times called the “father of genetics,” Gregor Mendel. He determined that individuals have two alternate forms of a gene, referred to as two alleles. An individual can me homozygous dominant (two dominant alleles, AA), homozygous recessive, (two recessive alleles, aa), or heterozygous (one dominant and one recessive allele, Aa). There were tow particular crosses that took place in this experiment. The first cross-performed was Ebony Bodies versus Vestigle Wings, where Long wings are dominant over short wings and normal bodies are dominant over black bodies. The other cross that was performed was White versus Wild where red eyes in fruit flies are dominant over white eyes.
Gregor Mendel was born into a German family, as a young man Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping. In his later life Mendel gained his fame as the founder of the modern science of genetics. The research that was his claim to fame was his pea plant experiment. Mendel looked at seven different characteristics of the pea plants. For example with seed colors when he bred a yellow pea and green pea together their offspring plant was always yellow. Though, in the next generation of plants, the green peas reemerged at a 1:3 ratio. To explain what he had discovered, Mendel put together the terms “recessive” and “dominant” in reference to specific traits. Such as, in the previous example the green peas were recessive and the yellow peas
Mendel wrote that genes are passed from parents to their children and can produce the same physical characteristics as the parents.
The book, Mencius, is a collection of dialogues Mencius had with kings, dukes, and military men, in which Mencius philosophizes his Confucian ideals. Mencius was considered one of the greatest philosophers of ancient China.
Biologist, Gregor Johann Mendel, discovered how traits passed from one generation to the next. Mendel studied and used pea plants to discover the principles that rule heredity. He found that each parent, father, and mother pass down traits to their offspring, who inherit different combinations of their recessive or dominant alleles-terms introduced by Mendel during the 19th century. Mendel introduced important principles teaching us that recessive traits will only be shown in the phenotype if both alleles are recessive. Mendel’s laws of inheritance include the Law of segregation and the Law of independent assortment.
In this experiment, Mendelain Models are observed. The purpose of the experiment is to understand how traits are passed from one generation to the other as well as understanding the difference between sex linked and autosomal genes. One particular trait that is observed in this experiment is when a fly is lacking wings, also known as an apterous mutation. In this experiment, we will determine whether this mutation is carried on an autosomal chromosome or on a sex chromosome. The data for this experiment will be determined statistically with the aid of a chi-square. If the trait is autosomal, then it will be able to be passed to the next generation on an autosomal chromosome, meaning that there should be an equal amount of male and
Genetics has given us important results with regards to knowing why certain organisms and their expressions are the way they are and how some expressions are suppressed due to those particular expressions being recessive. The reason is because genetics is the study of genes and the effects of it to organisms.
This caused financial hardships on Mendel’s family. It was also difficult to say goodbye but they did it for the sake of his future. However, he excelled at his studies and eventually graduated with honors in 1840. Following graduation, he went to the University of Olomouc. Here he studied philosophy and physics. Once again, Mendel proved he was very bright and academically capable of many things. However, during this time Mendel was suffering with depression which took a toll on his emotional state. It affected the way he was learning so he abandoned his studies. This was only for a short period of time. Mendel graduated from the University in 1843. Against his father’s will, Mendel began studying to be a priest. He joined the Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno as a monk. He thought taking the name ‘Gregor’ was appropriate since he was entering the religious field. In 1849, he was tired of his work in Brno. He was then sent to fulfill a temporary teaching position. Unfortunately, he failed a required teaching certification exam. Thankfully for the monastery’s expense, he was sent to the University of Vienna so he could continue his studies in the sciences. There he studied mathematics and physics under the famous Christian Doppler. The Doppler effect of wave frequency is named after Christian Doppler. He
Genetic testing has become very popular as technology has improved, and has opened many doors in the scientific community. Genetic testing first started in 1866 by a scientist known as, Gregor Mendel, when he published his work on pea plants. The rest was history after his eyes opening experiments on pea plants. However, like any other scientific discovery, it bought conflicts which caused major controversies and a large population disagreed with the concept of playing with the genetic codes of human beings. Playing God was the main argument that people argument that people had against genetics. genetic testing became one of the major conflicts conflicts to talk about, due to the fact that parents could now have the option of deciding if they
Genetics is the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring through genes. Genes are information