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God's role in evil
Essay on leibniz problem of evil
Leibniz on the problem of evil
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This world is subject to great acts of goodness and also great acts of evil. These acts have extreme range on both sides, demonstrated in kindly helping your neighbor to build a fence and conversely, descending all the way to the holocaust. As it seems, both sides act on their own volition. Evil and good can also happen in seemingly non-directed ways, as in finding a giant sack of money on the ground or having your town destroyed by a tornado. The state of the world is that there are acts of good and evil, for whatever reason they happen.
The problem of evil arises in the belief, or to go further, the possibility of an O3 god. That is, a god that is omniscient, omnipotent and omnibenevolent. The defined omniscient god inherently knows all of the goings on in the universe, the omnipotent god has the implicit power to change any thing in the universe and the omnibenevolent god has an intrinsic, ultimate intention to do good for humanity in any situation.
The conflict arises as such: How can an O3 god, one who has the knowledge, power and intention to seek the best interests of humanity allow suffering on the scale that we’ve known for all of human existence? How can an this O3 god exist in the wake of terrible human atrocities and planet caused natural disasters that claim so many lives? How can all the evil in the world be reconciled with a god that is defined to stand for all that is good, just and loving? Can an O3 god even be possible?
The great Gottfried Leibniz, part time inventor of calculus, part time developer of western philosophy, published an essay on this topic attempting to rectify the apparent contradiction. This theodicy (a term that Leibniz coined, essentially meaning an apology for god. Having need ...
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...anity to it’s pinnacle. The death and disease is part of the plan, but we’ll never know about it. I cannot accept this, as true benevolence and senseless death contradict each other. I also cannot place faith in something that we have no knowledge of and never will. Thus I do not conclude that an O3 god is logical.
Works Cited
Leibniz, Gottfried. God, Evil and the Best of All Possible Worlds. Introduction to Philosophy, Classical and Contemporary Readings. Ed. Perry, Bratman, Fischer. P. 94-5. Oxford University Press. New York, New York, 2010.
Perry, John. Dialogue on Good, Evil, and the Existence of God. Philosophy, Classical and Contemporary Readings. Ed. Perry, Bratman, Fischer. P. 96-119. Oxford University Press. New York, New York, 2010.
God on Trial. Dir. Andy de Emmony. Per. Antony Sher, Rupert Graves, Jack Shepherd. Hat Trick Productions, 2008.
It is perhaps the most difficult intellectual challenge to a Christian how God and evil can both exist. Many of the greatest minds of the Christian church and intellects such as Augustine and Thomas Aquinas spent their entire lives trying to solve this problem, and were unsuccessful (Erickson, 2009, p.439). However, this dilemma is not only an intellectual challenge, but it is emotional. Man feels it, lives it. Failing to identify the religious form of the problem of evil will appear insensitive; failure to address the theological form will seem intellectually insulting. This conundrum will never be completely met during our earthly life, but there are many biblical and philosophical resources that help mitigate it.
Carus, Paul. "The Philosophical Problem of Good and Evil." The History of the Devil: With 350
The problem of evil is inescapable in this fallen world. From worldwide terror like the Holocaust to individual evils like abuse, evil touches every life. However, evil is not a creation of God, nor was it in His perfect will. As Aleksandr
In line with the above arguments regarding the perfectness of the world as it exists, as advanced by Malebranche and Leibniz, it is the opinion of this discussion that the view advanced by Leibniz is more plausible. This is because, considering the fact that God is all-powerful, He has created the conscious as the tool that directs humans to know the right and wrong, but the will of God from the beginning has been that man shall do what is right (Leibniz, 2). Therefore, the fact that bad things happen is contributed by the choice of man to ignore the conscious that defines good or bad, and instead to do against the will of the conscious. Therefore, God is no t responsible for the human actions that are directed by the humans own intellect and will (Brown, 91). For this reason, Leibniz is plausible.
Throughout our course we have read and considered many ideas, however for the duration of this paper I will focus on two core ideas. These are the ideas that God is the first efficient cause and whether God is good. For the duration of this paper I will look at Aquinas’s five ways, Hume’s refutation of God being the efficient cause. Also Dostoevsky’s and Hume’s explanation that God is not good because of the abundance of pain. Throughout the class what I have come to learn and was most impacted by is that God is not what we prescribe him to be in our different religions. Also the arguments that always stood out for me were the arguments of Hume and his skepticism. It is my goal through this paper to explain that God is not the entity
Philosophers of the Medieval period struggled with the problem of evil - specifically, the existence of evil brought a question to the fore: if the world was created by an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God, then how was it that evil existed? To further complicate the matter, a second question branched off of the first as individuals pondered over whether or not God was ultimately the cause of evil. If God created everything, and evil exists as part of everything, then God, logically, had created evil. But this presented yet another issue, in that if God had knowingly created evil, then he could not truly be all-good. And it is these concerns that philosophers addressed.
Davis, Stephen T., and John B. Cobb. "Free Will and Evil." Encountering Evil: Live Options in Theodicy. Atlanta: J. Knox, 1981. 74-89. Print.
The Power of God, Readings on Omnipotence and Evil, Edited by Linwood Urban and Douglas N. Walton, New York, Oxford University Press, 1978
The lines that define good and evil are not written in black and white; these lines tend to blur allowing good and evil to intermingle with each another in a single human being.
The problem of reconciling an omnipotent, perfectly just, perfectly benevolent god with a world full of evil and suffering has plagued believers since the beginning of religious thought. Atheists often site this paradox in order to demonstrate that such a god cannot exist and, therefore, that theism is an invalid position. Theodicy is a branch of philosophy that seeks to defend religion by reconciling the supposed existence of an omnipotent, perfectly just God with the presence of evil and suffering in the world. In fact, the word “theodicy” consists of the Greek words “theos,” or God, and “dike,” or justice (Knox 1981, 1). Thus, theodicy seeks to find a sense of divine justice in a world filled with suffering.
The Problem of Evil is an argument that highlights the contradiction between the existence of evil and the existence of God. The Problem of Evil basically states that if a perfect being like God existed, then existence of evil should not and is impossible to co-exist with, because such an almighty, all-power God would not allow it to. It is apparent to some people that the existence of evil and suffering itself in our world is the biggest challenge against the belief in the perfect being, higher power, known as God. I believe the Problem of Evil is the best and justifiable argument against the existence of God, because if God was truly all-powerful and omnipotent then he would not allow there to be any evil or suffering. It is the most apparent
1) Oxford Readings in Philosophy. The Concept of God. New York: Oxford University press 1987
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man, and the Origin of Evil. La Salle, Ill: Open Court, 1985. Gutenberg.org. The Project Gutenberg, 2005. Web. 7 Feb. 2010.
In the beginning, God created the world. He created the earth, air, stars, trees and mortal animals, heaven above, the angels, every spiritual being. God looked at these things and said that they were good. However, if all that God created was good, from where does un-good come? How did evil creep into the universal picture? In Book VII of his Confessions, St. Augustine reflects on the existence of evil and the theological problem it poses. For evil to exist, the Creator God must have granted it existence. This fundamentally contradicts the Christian confession that God is Good. Logically, this leads one to conclude evil does not exist in a created sense. Augustine arrives at the conclusion that evil itself is not a formal thing, but the result of corruption away from the Supreme Good. (Augustine, Confessions 7.12.1.) This shift in understanding offers a solution to the problem of evil, but is not fully defended within Augustine’s text. This essay will illustrate how Augustine’s solution might stand up to other arguments within the context of Christian theology.
more than evil is capable of what seems to be good. More often in the story, God