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Cuddy found that women feel less powerful than men and that their classroom participation was limited. She wanted to find out if a person would “fake it to make it” (Cuddy, 2013). She found that by increasing the levels of a persons’ hormone testosterone (dominate hormone), and by lowering their cortisol (stress hormone), this can change the outcome of their life. In her research she found that it only takes two minutes for a person to make the change, and that risk tolerance for gambling of a high power posed individual poses 86% while with a low power posed individual poses 60%. With a change in testosterone levels high power individuals experience a 20% increase while low power individuals experience a 10% decrease. As a result of a change
Bibliography 3rd edition Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, & Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994
The research shows the movie scene to have truth in the gender stereotypes. The piece of research shows boys can demonstrate hegemonic masculinity and general forms of male dominance. This is accurately shown in the film clip. Also, the second study provides evidence that women can feel submissive or lack of confidence in an overrun male environment. The research suggests that this could have implications on performance in the work environment. In the movie it also depicts her lack of self-confidence or doubt after the scene, which falls in line with the research. Both forms of research had a different approaches and methods. However, due to some weakness in their studies there needs to be more research on the stereotypes to provide stronger validity to the truth of the stereotypes.
The study of the interaction between hormones and behavior is truly a complex one. It would be simple if it were true that hormones directly cause a behavior. We know the relationship between hormones and behaviors is reciprocal. Higher levels of hormones increase the probability of certain behaviors, and certain behaviors increase the probability of change in hormones. The Biosocial Model was developed to encompass the influences and relationships the social environment, biology, and behavior have with one another, and how they interact to influence one another. Biology affects the type of behavioral response that a person has to the social environment. At the same time, that behavioral response is influencing the physiological reaction the body has to that stimulus. That environmental stimulus induces those behaviors that cause our body’s internal biology to react. Therefore, anyone of the three variables, social environment, behavior, or biology, can cause a change in the others. When applying this model to behavioral endocrinology, the relationship between hormones, behavior, and the social environment is examined. It is important to study these relationships to try and determine to what extent each factor affects the other. How much does testosterone influence aggression, or risk behaviors such as smoking, sexual promiscuity, or alcohol abuse? As researchers become closer to finding these answers, they become closer to finding out how to treat and council people on these types of activities. In this study, several hypotheses are made about the hormone testosterone, and it’s relationships to biology, health and social behaviors.
Rivas-Vazquez, Rafael A.; Johnson, Sheri L.; Rey, Gustavo J.; Blais, Mark A.; Rivas-Vazquez, Ana. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33.2 (Apr 2002): 212-223.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Journal of personality and social psychology and. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~broberts/Hazan & Shaver, 1987.pdf
Sociologists from the older positivist perspective believed that deviant determinism was based on biological factors. Phrenology is an example that is based on biological factors. It “is the doctrine that proposes that psychological traits of personality, intellect, temperament and character are ascertainable from analysis of the protrusions and depressions of the skull” (Vukin, 2009, para. 2). Phrenology in this aspect was used to determine whether or not a person would contribute to society in a ...
Girls are supposed to play with dolls, wear pink, and grow up to become princesses. Boys are suppose to play with cars, wear blue, and become firefighters and policemen. These are just some of the common gender stereotypes that children grow up to hear. Interactions with toys are one of the entryway to different aspects of cognitive development and socialism in early childhood. As children move through development they begin to develop different gender roles and gender stereotypes that are influenced by their peers and caregivers. (Chick, Heilman-Houser, & Hunter, 2002; Freeman, 2007; Leaper, 2000)
Hockenbury, Don H., and Sandra E. Hockenbury. Psychology. 6th ed. New York, NY: Worth, 2013. Print.
Research agenda for psychological and behavioral factors in women’s health. (2012, February). Washington, DC: Women’s Programs Office, American Psychological Association.
You are at an interview, the interviewer says that you are not qualified for the job because of your gender. What would you say? Sexism has caused stereotypes, and harassment in the workforce, and professional sports, therefore people should know more about sexism. Media is a powerful tool of communication, it produces both negative and positive impacts on society.
FEDORIKHIN, A., & PATRICK, V. M. (2010). Positive Mood and Resistance to Temptation: The Interfering Influence of Elevated Arousal. Journal Of Consumer Research, 37(4), 698-711.
Despite the leading hypothesis that aggression is associated with low baseline cortisol (**Poustka et al., 2010; *van Goozen et al., 2007) and high cortisol reactivity (*Gerra et al., 2001), a 2010-metanalysis claimed that there is no association between cortisol (re)activity and aggression in adolescents (*Alink et al., 2008). Characterizing aggression into RA and PA subtypes is postulated to be a possible approach to overcome this inconsistency; a hypothesis supported by the finding that RA, but not PA, was associated with elevated cortisol response during a stress task in prepubertal children (*Lopez-Duran et al., 2009), and in adolescent males (**van Bokhoven et al., 2005) as
The topic of interest that I will be covering in this article critique is the correlation between the type A personality and the onset of heart disease. The media article, “Greater Health Risk Seen for Type A Personalities,” claims that a new study has found that aggressive behavior often associated with type A personalities may increase a person’s risk for heart disease. Conversely, the scholarly article, “Hotheads and heart attacks” discusses the Mary Brown experiment, which discovered that type A personalities face no higher risk of heart disease than anyone else. In fact, it was found that type A personalities fare better than their calm counterparts. The researchers conducting the Mary Brown experiment found that hostility was the only
The research has been published in such major scientific journals as Science, the American Journal of Physiology, Scientific American, Lancet, the Journal of Counseling Psychology, the International Journal of Neuroscience, the Journal of the Canadian Medical Association, the British Journal of Educational Psychology, and the Journal of Conflict Resolution.
Gender is a large part of our identity. Those differences are reflected in many gender stereotypes (Iowa 2015). People are expected to act according to their gender. Most aspects of our lives are based on these specific gender stereotypes and can mold our futures. Gender stereotypes make us believe that we all have to follow a specific role in life. These stereotypes make us believe that we have to fit into a certain mold. It starts from an early age and is pushed onto us throughout the years. Culture does have some impact on the stereotypes also. Certain cultures still believe that women need to stay home and take care of the children while the men work and pay the bills.