Prokaryotic cells are known to be similar to Eukaryotic cells, but when it comes to the membrane-bound structure, that what sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells has a nucleus that is enclosed by the nuclear envelope, which has a genetic material. A eukaryotic cell structure is a system of membranes that can be found in animals, plants, and fungi. In this paper, I would be identifying each part of the eukaryotic cells structure and the functionality of its membranes.
The following the eukaryotic cell structure that is commonly found in animals :
The plasma membrane, which serves as a wide distribution barrier between the cell and its situation. All living cells have plasma membranes. A "diffusion barrier" blocks
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It comes in two types--smooth and rough. The contrast is that rough ER has ribosomes surrounding its external surface. The term for Endoplasmic Reticulum, "Endo" means "inside," "plasmic" refers to the cytoplasm, and "reticulum" which means "network." ER adjoin with the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. Some think that all of the ER inside a cell is actually attached, but this has never been conclusively proved nor settled. ER has many functions. It helps to separate/break up the cell, and it distribute as paths for the transport of materials from one part of the cell to another. It's related with lipid synthesis and protein synthesis (rough ER only). And smooth ER is accountable for generating new stacks of layers for Golgi …show more content…
Assembly of ribosomes takes place in the nucleoli.
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell contains a number of chromosomes, which are made of DNA and histone proteins. The number, shape and preparation of genes on chromosomes is characteristic of the species from which the nucleus came. Chromosomes transfer the information archive of the cell. Each gene is a assortment of instructions for the development of a distinct protein.
Nuclear pores make a hole in the double nuclear envelope. These pores do have structures in them which open and close to force movement through the pores. The nuclear pores are vital for ribosomes to leave the nucleus. Though ribosomes are build in the nucleus, they must maneuver to the cytoplasm in order to function.
The nucleoplasm is the rich organic composite that fills the inside of the nucleus. This is very similar to cytoplasm. It's mostly made up of water, containing a complicated variety of materials. Nucleoplasm would be apparent from cytoplasm due to the high combination of materials like nucleotides, which are used to make DNA and RNA, and the group of enzymes which force the DNA and RNA construction
Question 1: Briefly describe, in 500 words or less, the normal structure and function of your chosen cell type. In your answer, discuss specific features in your chosen cell type, including cell organelles.
There are many different cells that do many different things. But all of these cells fall into two categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and are larger in size than prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus, are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Two of their similarities are they both have DNA as their genetic material and are covered by a cell membrane.
This cell membrane plays an important part in Diffusion. Cell membrane and Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of the molecules of gas or liquids from a higher concentrated region to a lower concentration through the partially permeable cell membrane along a concentraion gradient. This explanation is in the diagram shown below: [IMAGE] Turgor When a plant cell is placed in a dilute solution or a less concentrated solution then the water particles pass through the partially permeable membrane and fill the cell up with water. The cell then becomes Turgor or hard. An example of this is a strong well-watered plant.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum allows the cell to produce proteins. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is used in the detoxification processes in the cell and the transitional endoplasmic reticulum is used to breakdown glycogen to glucose. The endoplasmic reticulum is versatile and grows and shrinks according to the cell's activities. Chloroplasts which are found in plant cells are used in the process of photosynthesis. They fall into the category of plastids but they are differentiated in that they contain chlorophyll.
The nucleus is the CEO of the cell. It controls all cell activity, It regulates movement, reproduction, and eating in the cell. The nucleus contains the of the cell's genetic information. This information is organized as deoxyribonucleic acid molecules, in conjunction with a spread of proteins, to create chromosomes.
The nuclear envelope is the beginning of the endomembrane system. The nuclear envelope is a lipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus and keeps the cytosol and nucleus separate. The endoplasmic reticulum is connected direc...
Cytoplasm: is a partly fluid material, which can flow slowly and in which many other substances are suspended such as large fat and protein molecules. Many of the chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm, which will provide the cell with energy and allow it to build up larger molecules that it needs. Studying the cell further and using better more powerful microscopes has shown that the cytoplasm actually contains lots of small structures called organelles. These ... ... middle of paper ... ...
Only eukaryotic cells contain a cell nucleus, and each cell only has one nucleus. The nucleus takes up about 10% of the cell’s space, which is the most recognizable feature within a cell. The cell nucleus has a double membrane of its own called the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope has nuclear pores on it to allow only specific items such as RNA and proteins to pass through the nucleus. When the cell is not going through reproduction or in its resting state, the nucleus contains chromatin. Chromatin contains DNA, RNA and nuclear proteins (Harold). The DNA is tightly packed into the chromatin with
in color. It also contains many salts. The liquid portion is referred to as cytosol. In fact, "cytoplasm" means
Cellular membranes are complex mixtures of proteins and lipids. Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer, consists of two leaflets of phospholipid molecules and their fatty acid chain form the hydrophobic interior of the membrane bilayer; and proteins that span the bilayer and/or interact with the lipids on either side of the two leaflets. Transmembrane proteins are the type of membrane proteins which span the entire length of the cell membrane. They are embedded between the phospholipids and provides a channel through which molecules and ions can pass into the cell. They enable communication between cells by interacting with chemical messengers. Membrane proteins were classified into two comprehensive categories- integral and
1.a. The organelles labelled Y are called Ribosomes, They are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The ribosomes make proteins for use in the cell and hold together all components of protein synthesis. The endoplasmic Reticulum spreads all through the cytoplasm and has a large surface area for the attachment of many ribosomes. Also newly synthesised proteins are stored and packaged into vesicles.
The nucleus contains genetic material that controls all the activities within a cell. A nucleus is made up of D...
The Animal Cell is a little bit different than the Plant Cell for only a couple of reasons. One is how the Plant Cell has a cell wall and the Animal Cell doesn’t. The cell wall protects and gives structure to the cell. Then there is the Nucleus, which serves as a control center for the cell. Inside the Nucleus there are one or more Nucleoli. They are dense, granular bodies that disappear at the beginning of cell division and reappear at the end. Then you have the Cytoplasm. This is the watery material lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The Cytoplasm also contains organelles, which have specific functions in the cell metabolism. Then there are the Golgi Bodies, which serve as processing, packaging, and storage for the cell. These organelles package and ship things out. Another parts of the cell, a very important one in fact, are the Lysosomes. These organelles are used to break things down and contain enzymes.
The innermost layer of the bacteria cell envelope is the cell membrane. It is a typical phospholipid bilayer, as is found in animal cells. The primary function of the cell membrane is energy production and active transport. The next layer is the cell wall. It is made of N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid. Amino acids keep the cell wall together by forming cross-bridges. The primary function of the cell wall is to protect the bacteria from its environment. It also acts as an osmotic barrier and provides the shape of the bacteria. The outermost layer of the cell envelope is the outer membrane. The outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharides, which act as an endotoxin. However, only gram-negative bacteria cells contain the outer membrane. Also, found between the cell membrane and the cell wall is the periplasmic space. It is filled with periplasm, which is made of water and proteins. The proteins act in degradation, transport and motility.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum makes proteins that are packaged and exported from the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the nuclear envelope and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes lipids and steroids. It detoxifies toxins and stores