Essay On The First Amendment

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The rights to free speech and the press are among the most celebrated and protected rights that the First Amendment affords American citizens. (U.S. Const. amend. I). One of the inherent rights that one is able to enjoy under the First Amendment is the right to criticize public figures and measures. (U.S. Const. amend. I); (Milkovich, 2714)(dissenting); (Hustler, 880). This Court has routinely recognized the First Amendment’s “vital guarantee” of free and uninhibited discussion of public issues, while also maintaining that society has a ubiquitous and robust interest in not only preventing but also remedying attacks upon one’s reputation. (Milkovich, 2707). The law provides but one avenue in hope of vindication for a man whose reputation has been falsely dishonored, a defamation action. …show more content…

However, the free speech encouraged by the First Amendment will inevitably produce speech that is critical of those public figures who, by reason of their fame, shape events in areas of public concern. (Milkovich, 2703); (Hustler, 879). Their heightened position in society subjects them to “vehement, caustic, and sometimes unpleasant sharp attacks”. (Milkovich, 2703); (Hustler, 880). Courts have struggled to maintain the balance between the right to free speech and the right to redress attacks upon one’s reputation, and therefore limit what one can publish about a public figure by encouraging responsible journalism. (Hustler, 880); (West, 1014). The First Amendment embraces two concepts: the freedom to believe and the freedom to act. (Ballard, 886). American citizens are free to believe what they cannot prove; thus, one’s pure opinions are constitutionally protected from liability. (U.S. Const. amend. I); (Ballard, 886). Nevertheless, when a statement asserts facts, or opinions that imply facts, the publisher has a duty to verify these assertions before publishing them as true. (West,

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