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Recommended: Kashmir issue
Conflict in Kashmir, India and the Presence of Lashkar-e Tayyiba
The conflict in Kashmir, India has dated back to 1947 when India and Pakistan became independent countries from British rule. However, Maharaja Hari Singh ruled Kashmir and he had to choose to either join India or Pakistan. He chose to be independent, yet India made him sign the Instrument of Accession thus ceding Kashmir to India. Pakistan has been fighting for its right to the land since that decision (The Telegraph, 2001). Pakistan’s government has employed one particular Islam extremist group named LT to fight in Kashmir to gain Muslim support and traction for the accession. The local culture, religions, spoken languages, legal system, military, police, economic factors, communications system and transportation infrastructure all play a key role in the conflict overwhelming Kashmir. As the conflict deepens between Kashmir and Pakistan militants and support from ally countries may occur HUMINT missions could arise within Kashmir. HUMINT collectors face many obstacles; however, due to the strong Indian military presence in Kashmir, the obstacles can be overcome. LT is a well supported organization that the HUMINT collectors will likely need to vigorously educate themselves to counter the group within Kashmir.
Hazif Mohammad Saeed, the founder of LT, from a young age demonstrated religious prowess. Saeed received the title Hazif at the age of twelve for memorizing the Qur’an (Niazi, I., 2010). In the mid 1980s Hazif Saeed, a professor and a chairman for the Department of Islamic Studies at the University of Engineering and Technology in Lahore, Pakistan, formed a missionary group to introduce the Ahl-e-Hadith (AEH) interpretation of Islam in Pakistan name...
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...s they did previously, but the micro groups that were formed still have the ability to formulate spectacular attacks within Kashmir with backing by the Pakistani government. However, as previously described the modern military and police personnel who outnumber any militia group in Kashmir will continue to keep law and order against the Islam extremist groups in the future. HUMINT capabilities in the area could mitigate the work load and pressures received from extremist groups within Kashmir, which will build rapport in the local populace. HUMINT teams would more than likely have to abide by policies put in place by local and national leaders. Conclusively, no matter the agreements put in place, HUMINT collectors will do their job to collect intelligence, however, situations will dictate and possibly change how each aspect described will affect HUMINT mission.
Livingston, John W., and Al-Jabarti. "The Rise of Shaykh al-Balad 'Ali Bey al-Kabir: A Study in
Writing about a topic that has been on an upward slope of controversy and criticism within the past two decades, Fred Donner a notable Islamic History professor at the University of Chicago whom has written multiple texts about the origins of Islam, tells the tale of the beginnings of Islam and how it would be shaped into its current manifestation today with Muhammad and the Believers. Donner admirably conveys the early history of Islam and its success to its centrality and “Believers’ Movement” opposed to many western historians accrediting it to the need of social and economic reform. Muhammad and the Believers is split up into five chapters, all of which Donner imparts his main thesis of Islam being a group of believers (mu’minun) opposed
Organizing Insurgency by Paul Staniland, introduces the question, “Do resources like diamonds, drugs, and state sponsors turn insurgent groups into thuggish people or do they help build a more disciplined organization?” The reason this question is asked is because in some cases it suggests that “resource wealth encourages the degeneration of armed groups into greed and criminality” and other evidence shows that “external sponsorship and criminal activity can help leaders build organizations in the face of state repression” (p.142). This question is being presented because with different insurgent groups like the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) and the Hizbul Mujahidden, having very similar interactions with state sponsors, could have very different outcomes determining the fate of the insurgency. In looking at insurgent groups and how they operate, we are able to learn how some groups prosper while other groups fall apart.
Fakhry, M. 1997. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism: A Short Introdu ction. Oxford: One World Publications.
Hilāl, ʻAlī Al-Dīn. Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World. New York, NY: Praeger, 1982. Print.
Rippin A. 1990, Muslims, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices Volume 1: The Formative Period, Routledge, London and New York.
The Islamic tradition, as reflected in Naguib Mahfouz’s Zaabalawi, has over the course of history had an incredible impact on Arab culture. In Mahfouz’s time, Islamic practices combined with their political relevance proved a source of both great power and woe in Middle Eastern countries. As alluded to in Zaabalawi, Mahfouz asserts the fact that not all Muslims attain religious fulfillment through this common tradition, and other methods outside the scope of Islam may be necessary in true spiritual understanding.
Civil conflicts tend to erupt “within nation-states and threaten their governments, the social order, and the rate and path of their development” (Anastasion et al. 17). Throughout the years there has been much debate centered on defining the underlying cause(s) of civil conflict. There are many theories that have evolved over time that suggest reasoning for the occurrence of civil conflict(s). Yet there still remains no concrete definition of cause. However, there was a theorist and scholar by the name of Thomas Malthus that offered a considerably plausible argument for the cause of civil war. Malthus produced a theory called Malthusianism; this theory expressed the potential underlying effects that can evolve from the rapid growth of a population combined with the scarce availiability of resources (Anastasion et al.).
Al Ghazali a significant person in Islam has helped shape Islam to be what it is today - a living religious tradition for the lives of its adherents. His contribution to Islam though his theories, knowledge and works have left a positive impact upon the Islamic world that continues into the present. An everlasting impact upon the faith, Muslims and the expansion of Islam to be one of the most popular religious traditions in the present world for the lives of its adherents is seen as Al Ghazali’s
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
Conflict is something that you encounter pretty much every day. It is almost inevitable that you will not encounter conflict as you through your day or doing anything else. There are different ways to confront conflict, and it depends on the type of person that you are. The different ways that people can confront conflict are either head-on or just complete avoidance. When people avoid a conflict, sometimes it tends to work in their favor, but sometimes it does not and the problem just becomes bigger. Also with handling it head-on there are some major problems. Sometimes the people who confront those conflicts are not people who can express themselves in a good manner, so they tend to blow things out of proportions. “Our basis understanding
India blames Pakistan for the militant uprising, claiming Islamabad is supporting cross-border terrorism. Pakistan responds that it merely provides diplomatic and moral support, arguing, furthermore, that India’s history of human rights abuses in the valley is to blame. With both countries now in possession of nuclear arms, the recent war in KARGIL and the increasing number of civilian deaths, refugees, and other human rights issues within Kashmir, the conflict seems to be taking on a more serious nature. In this paper, I will discuss the Kashmir conflict in some depth, examining the problem in its historical context and assessing whether there is sufficient political will at present to resolve the dispute.... ... middle of paper ...
In this book , Esposito provides a succinct, up-to-date survey of the Islamic experience, an introduction to the faith, belief, and practice of Islam from its origins to its contemporary resurgence. He traces the emergence and development of this dynamic faith and its impact on world history and politics. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and practice (law, theology, philosophy, and mysticism), chronicling the struggle of Muslims to define and adhere to their Islamic way of life. Equally important is the essential information Esposito provides on the contemporary world of Islam, from Muslim responses to the challenges of colonialism and modernization to the reassertion of Islam in politics and society.
Lawrence Auster wrote an eye-opening blog excerpt titled India and Pakistan: Why the Mass Killing Occurred. The content of this excerpt explore the fundamental issues of identity and religion that led to the violence in 1947. The author makes his point by utilizing current event such as the train massacre in 2002, in which 50 Hindu women and children were burned alive. The blog is for an audience with some prior knowledge on the topic and continues to expand upon that knowledge. The blog is a secondary source because it introduces its own unique ideas regarding the issue and was written after the time of the event. It was very helpful to my research because it simplifies the wordy information often found on scholarly sites and condenses it into something comprehensible and relatable to the reader.