CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition of Globalization
“Globalization describes an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a network of communication and execution” (Afzal, 2010).
1.2 Globalization trends in the Contemporary Era
The process of international unification emerge when the views of people, their products or ideas and other particular feature of cultural of soci-economic development take place, including development of infrastructure and transportation, capital flows, investments in other countries to foster bilateral relations, migration to other countries takes place to explore better opportunities for education or career development take place.
Globalization is not something that was pre planned or generated or initiated on purpose, its rather an historical process that started before 1900s , during the time of ancient civilization, it was a slow process in the beginning but then later it gained momentum after industrial revolution in 19th century, and after 20th century ,world started contracting when world's economies and cultures grew very quickly that brought people, countries ,nations worldwide to interact with each other more closely through increase in Modern communication, Transportation, Migration trends, technological advancement, Media(Mass Media) & through increase in trade of goods and services along with financial flows among countries. (O’Rourke &Williamson, 1999).
Migration occur when people of one country cross their countries boundary and start living in host country for some time, it could be permanent or temporary in order to explore better opportunities, which could be of socio- economic or demographic in nature like, to acquire educ...
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...y that, this is one of the reason why extremism is at its peak in Pakistan. They want to fight for their rights and are making strategies to safeguard their interests. So when these two civilization works or stay at the same education platform, its’ obvious conflict and chaos would occur between them. Same is the case that happens with Pakistani students studying in foreign universities, whenever they are being criticized because of their culture or if their religious sentiments are hurt they get aggressive and start to fight back. Sometimes Religious sentiments of Muslim students are deliberately hurt just to see their reaction, or others would just be curious about Muslim. Such situation is hard to deal with for students who have gone to abroad or have been living in abroad just to have a better future but are facing such consequences in return. (siddiqui, 2012).
The tag on my shirt reads “Made in Taiwan,” my pants were made in Venezuela, and my cell phone was manufactured in China. Someone may ask, “How am I driving a car in the United States that was put together in Germany?” The answer is globalization. Products are made and sold across the globe due to globalization. Through modern technology advances, globalization allows countries thousands of miles away from each other to be right next-door, hypothetically. Organizations, people, and companies from all around the world can collaborate ideas and work together with. This is not a new concept. People have been traveling across mass distances to trade products for centuries. However, with the developments that globalization offer, people can exchange goods and insights faster and more efficiently than ever before possible, with minimum effort or financial commitment. Modern communication, such as cell phones, and new technology, like the Internet, are a few of the factors that are advancing globalization at a rapid pace. Globalization is growing quickly and benefitting our world in many ways, both big and small.
Although it already existed long before through primitive trade and migration, globalization has become a major factor in the world organization since the twentieth century. With the creation of transnational companies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, political and economic associations appeared new powerful actors that cannot be left apart in states’ decisions and whose influence may, according to some, threaten the authority of nation-states. Indeed it can be thought that globalization is causing the end of borders between countries and what is more that it is creating a sort of universal society in which states’ sovereignty is not the main authority anymore. However this essay will try to demonstrate that globalization is not undermining state sovereignty but that it is in fact leading to its transformation and to a new variety of nations. In order to prove it I will first define the main key words and will then focus on the different arguments about the effects of globalization and finally I will demonstrate that globalization has led to a transformation of the concept of state sovereignty.
Globalization is a broad concept and the angle taken to define it can lead us to interpret the idea in many different ways. There is much controversy about what globalization actually means and many definitions fail to encompass social, cultural and technological exchanges between world systems. John Pilger suggests that "it is a jargon term which journalists and politicians have made fashionable which is often used in a positive sense to denote a 'Global village' of free trade, hi-tech marvels and all kinds of possibilities that transcend class, historical experience and ideology." (J.Pilger 1998:63). Taking a broader point of view, Bilton et al defines globalization as "The process whereby political, social, economic and cultural relations increasingly take on a global scale, and which has profound consequences for individuals, local experiences and everyday lives."
After the cold war, word ‘globalization’ was commonly used at a time of unprecedented interconnectedness when advanced nations experienced a ruthless development by exploiting energy resources and stressing culture forms in developing countries. To identify the definition of ‘globalization’, it is significant to clarify its appearance as well as implication.
Globalization has been defined as the speeding up and intensification of economic communication between people, companies and governments of different nations. It has helped raise the standard of living for some and driven deeper into poverty for many other citizenry creations wide. Globalization has possibly affected the humanity negatively in three main ways: poverty increase, culture and health effects.
Globalizations is the term that refers to the world’s interconnected state, meaning how united different parts of the world are to one another nowadays whether it be because of the new technological advancements. Globalization is a process that involves an important change and transformation in the society between individuals from different communities that are linked to each other that expand from all over the globe. It can be classified as the union of the world.
Globalization is also a term that is often misused interchangeably with other terms such as world society, globalism, universalism, and interdependence because many people believe that they all have the same basic and essential meaning. Localization, another important term also commonly misused due to the lack of clarity in it’s definition, mainly focuses on individuals and groups that narrow their horizons due to pressure and therefore participate in different forms of behavior in comparison to other groups. In this paper, the main issue of discussion will focus on the significance, cost and benefits, and basic definition of globalization and localization, as well as fragmegration (an integration of the two dynamics, globalization and localization). Finally, this paper will also discuss how these terms relate to and affect real life situations such as the Asian economic crisis.
Globalization can be defined as the global economy coming together in many ways to create unique products, and services and other things. But what exactly does this mean? The initial thought would be that globalization is good. However, I believe globalization is the leading cause of the increased gap between the rich and the poor, and diminished the middle class. Globalization simply allows the cycle of the rich developed countries exploiting poor countries for labor and resources. Globalization has both positive and negative effects on everyone however, unfortunately the bad has outweighed the good.
Globalization is defined as “the historical process involving a fundamental shift or transformation in the spatial scale of human social organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across regions and continents (Baylis, 2014).”
Globalization on a broader scale, is an integration act, involving cultural, mental, political as well as economic aspects of a person, among countries. It is mostly limited to, economic integration, associated with movement of people, exchange of technology and information, trade as well as financial flows. . This is practice is clearly miles ahead, as demonstrated by the ever increasing capital flows in the world economy as well as the level of importance, the world economy has. As a result of globalization, tremendous pressure is on the nations to keep up with its demands and this has had a lot of consequences. Some pundits will tell you that these effects are only economic based,
The term globalization is one that is an exceptionally wide-ranging term and it is used to explain a wide variety of definitions. Many people link the term globalization with the how the world is connected on an international and a local scale. One example of this is how Inda and Rosaldo illustrate globalization as being in “a world full of movement and mixture, contact and linkages, and persistent cultural interaction and exchange” (Inda and Rosaldo 4). On the other hand, they also imply that although movement and connections are prime components of globalization, disconnection and exclusion also form globalization (Inda and Rosaldo 30). Global flows of economic and social structures are not fluid and constant; they have the power to exclude and immobilize as well as enhance movement and include certain beings. In the 60s, the term `global village' was used by Ma...
Globalization, the acceleration and strengthening of worldwide interactions among people, companies and governments, has taken a huge toll on the world, both culturally and economically. It’s generating a fast-paced, increasingly tied world and also praising individualism. It has been a massive subject of matter amongst scientists, politicians, government bureaucrats and the normal, average human population. Globalization promoted the independence of nations and people, relying on organizations such as the World Bank and also regional organizations such as the BRICs that encourage “a world free of poverty” (World Bank). Despite the fact that critics can argue that globalization is an overall positive trend, globalization has had a rather negative cultural and economic effect such as the gigantic wealth gaps and the widespread of American culture, “Americanization”; globalization had good intentions but bad results.
Globalization is the connection of different parts of the world. Globalization results in the expansion of international, cultural, economic, and political activities. As people, ideas, knowledge, and goods move easily around the globe, the experiences of people around the world become more similar. (“Definition of Globalization“, n.d., ¶ 1)
Globalization is a very complex phenomenon, basically it means the relationship and connection between countries are getting closer, and they have more contact, politically and economically. Globalization has influenced the world in many different ways, like culture, economy and politics.
Globalization has taken place in the past when state and empires expanded their influence far outside their border. However, one of the distinctions of globalization today is the speed with which it is transforming local culture as they took part in a worldwide system of interconnectedness. Through globalization, many cultures in the world have changed dramatically.