Chapter 1: introduction
1.1 Background
Peoples are always trying different techniques to beat the scorching heat, specifically in summer season. Recently, there many methods that proved their quality in reducing the atmospheric temperature to the required rates. There are three main types of evaporative cooling systems which are sprinkler systems, pad systems and Fogger systems. This project interested in the last one. Fogger system is defined as a type of nozzles that sprays water with high-pressure (up to 200 psi) or low pressure (less than 50 psi) to the air as a fine fog or mist. These fine fog or mist evaporates into the outdoor air in order to cool this air which is located beside the fogger (Giacomelli, 2003).
Generally, the process of fogging is used in different applications for temperature and humidity controlling, air quality improvement and even offer visual effects. The High pressure fogging sprays water from nozzles with small orifices, where these orifices are specially designated for each kind of application. All of the fogging systems types have a different sophistication and design. The basic fogging system comprises an atomizing nozzles,motor, high pressure pump, and plumbing comprising some procedure of water quality control. If the fogging system becomes more complex an extra fans, controls, pumps or nozzles can be added. In the design process of fogging system, it is necessary to recognize how air quality, humidity and temperature affect the system design (CAT PUMPS, 2013).
Fogging systems are normally run at 1000 to 3000 psi pressures and are distinctly more cost effective compared to theconventional cooling systems. Fogging systems are used in a mine site as one example of their usage to enhance the safet...
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... model for the thermodynamics and fluid mechanics calculations for this system need to be presented.
1.3 Project objectives
In order to achieve the main aims of this project, the listed objectives below will be followed:
- Provide a definition for the fog systems and how they work and their applications.
- Provide a literature review that describes the previous efforts done by others in the main topic in addition to provide the latest improvement in the designs of this system.
- Provide a theoretical background that includes specific equations describes the main system.
- Do some calculations based on the theoretical equations.
- Use AUTOCAD software to draw graphics that illustrates the system distribution.
1.4 Project plan
The project plan presents the overall steps that will be followed to fully complete the project with the time required to complete each step.
The initiation phase of a project is not complete without a clearly defined goal and realistic, measurable objectives that describe the business benefits which are expected to be delivered upon completion of a project (Laureate Educatio...
A humidifier is good for creating moisture in a room. It converts water to moisture and slowly fills the air. It should be noted to not overuse the humidifier as this can create respiratory problems later. It has the same effect as the steam in that it clears your stuffy nose by thinning the mucus. Breathing in humid air relieves inflammation causing the congestion. It clears the stuffy nose by soothing the irritated tissues and swollen blood vessels.
Refrigeration, the production of cold, is an essential practice for present-day living. It is used in a many place like the processing and preservation of food, conditioning of air for comfort, manufacture of chemicals and other materials, cooling of concrete, medical applications etc. Refrigeration is defined as the science of maintaining the temperature of a particular space lower than its surrounding space. Refrigeration and air conditioning involves various processes such as compression, expansion, cooling, heating, humidification, de-humidification, air purification, air distribution etc. In all these processes, there is an exchange of mass, momentum and energy. All these exchanges are subject to certain fundamental laws. Hence to understand and analyses the refrigeration and air conditioning systems, a basic knowledge of the laws of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer is essential.
In this paper over natural refrigerant I will be covering the pros and cons of natural refrigerant in light commercial and residential applications. There are many natural substances in this world that can be used to help or decrease the efficiency of a heating ventilation air conditioning system. Some of these substances are water, air, ammonia, and hydrocarbons. All these substances are natural that come from the earth we live on. Over the course of this paper I will be covering the pros and cons of swamp coolers, geo thermal heating and cooling units and how these natural substances can help and or decrease how your heating and cooling unit performs.
Advantage of steam lies in the blatant heat liberated when it condenses on a cooler surface raising the temp of that surfaces.
“Our plans miscarry because they have no aim. When a man does not know what harbor he is making for, no wind is the right wind” a famous quote about our goal by Seneca. It is a metaphor about the achievement goal and objectives by good planning skills. One has to plan for what one wants to achieve and where one wants to go. One of the most important things is to have good planning, before taking any project the first think you should do is to create project plan. Planning can be defined as preparing a sequence of action to achieve specific goals and objectives. According to Kerzner (2009), “project planning is desirable that the project manager is involved from project conception through execution. It must be systematic, flexible to handle, closely disciplined through reviews and control and capable of accepting multi functional inputs (pg. 412)”. The importance of planning a project is to describe the work so that it will be easily identifiable to the project team member.
Geothermal heating and cooling is doing through a geothermal heat pump, geothermal heat pump use the stable temperatures that occur within the first thousand feet of Earth’s surface. This area of the Earth’s surface is called the lithosphere the temperatures in this area can be between forty and eighty degrees Fahrenheit. Geothermal heat pumps can be no more than five hundred feet below the Earth’s surface, the temperature in this area is between fifty and sixty degrees Fahrenheit which is ideal for regulating temperature of buildings. Geothermal heat pumps are able to heat the building in the colder months and cool building in hotter months by transferring heat energy from the ground to the air at the surface through use of a fluid. There are two types of geothermal heat pump systems: the closed loop the fluid is in a system of looping pipes buried in the ground, the other is an open loop system that uses groundwater as a heat exchanger.
The dehumidifier helps reduce the amount of moisture and creates dry air of a certain area that this machine is being placed in, so this means that it can be used in many cities that are close to the equator. So the main issue which this technology can solve, are moist environments. And humid air can usually create moulds to grow on walls, and eventually make a person sick.
The factors for exponential growth for air-conditioning are the HVAC Market, energy, environment, communication, societal, political, preparing for the future, looking ahead, and the conclusion. Buildings of the U.S. use approximately 35% of the nation’s precise total of energy consumption. The worth of shipments by U.S. HVAC manufacturers was over $28 billion of 1996. Since there are 52,000 CHC chillers needed to be replaced among the U.S., there’s a large opportunity for new chillers, new technology for the HVAC industry. The ozone depletion is an international issue in which is currently being resolved. The 3rd world countries are still allowed to manufacture CFC’s. Illegal imports of CFC’S to the U.S. is a consistent concern. Many illegal imports are virgin CFC’s. Those whom have a political overtones are specifically the ones whom create a protectionism of local commerce, having a negative impact on those inside and out of the country.
As the pressure drop increases in the column, it is observed that the degree of foaming becomes more violent and more spread out. When the pressure drop is relatively high, it means that the pressure exerted by the vapour is insufficient to hold up the liquid in the tray, causing the gas bubbles to appear on top of the sieve trays. To add on, the higher the pressure drop, the higher the velocity of the vapour passing up the column. As a result, more vapour will penetrate the liquid and more bubbles formation is observed. Due to more bubbles formation, the degree of foaming are more agitated, rapid and spread out.
The new solution should be able to last long in order to provide long-term water purification method for the residents in Sandikhola. Therefore only regular maintenance need to be carried out. Thus, it is not necessary to replace the whole system which can cause more hassles and extra costs.
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.
In the 21st century, some major issues have emerged along with the advancement of science and technology, ozone layer depletion is one of them. Ozone layer depletion has become a worldwide concern due to the rapid deterioration of the volume of the ozone layer, also for the increasing threat to all living organism and their functions. Increasing uses of CFCs and halocarbons have led to an emergence of various health issues and environmental problems which are in some cases fatal.
Velocity and temperature profiles are presented for different values of fluid particle interaction parameter, ratio of free stream velocity parameter to stretching sheet velocity parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number for the both of fluid and dust. Also a comparison of the obtained numerical results is made with three and two- dimensional formula and some existing literature and good agreement is
Project planning falls in the Planning Process Group which consists of those processes to establish the projects total scope, define the projects objectives, and courses of action to achieve those objectives. During the planning process, all the documents that are needed to carry the project through the project lifecycle will be developed such as the project management plan. Project management requires repeated feedback loops as additional information becomes available and is better understood. The planning process delineates the strategy, tactics, and path to successfully complete the project. With that, the planning of a project must walk through all the those processes from executing, monitoring and controlling through the closing process.