DISCUSSION ABOUT STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS;
Statistical analysis two independent sample tests compare the mean of the randomised case-control group. To find the significant difference between the two groups, data collections are mean value, so t test is the suitable test to compare the mean value of the two groups in normal distributed data (Menz, 2004). Result of the t test shows body mass index significant p value .005 less than .05 and the mean value of the BMI in case group greater than control group. The null hypothesis rejected, there is a significant difference in the two groups in body mass index.
Foot posture index shows p value .004 less than .05 and again the mean value of FPI in case group higher than the control group. In this case also null hypotheses are rejected and show the significant difference between two groups. Two independent sample t tests shows greater significant difference, it states that two group as difference in the body mass and foot mass index. This supports the hypotheses being tested by the researcher. Participants with chronic plantar heel pain case group should differ from the control group in obesity and pronated foot to support that, these two factors may be the risk factor for chronic plantar heel pain.
Standing heel raise test shows p value .050 greater than .05 the null hypothesis is accepted and there is no significant difference between the two groups regarding this test and shows the negativity of the hypothesis being tested .Standing heel test indicates the endurance of the calf muscle, the test result shows that there is no difference in the calf muscle strength between the two groups. Researches as taken data based on the limb affected more by pain but in the outcome meas...
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...te the foot is pronated. Author justifies that pronated foot will increase the dorsiflexion.Thereis no linear relation found between the ankle dorsiflexion and the chronic heel pain. This correlates the foot posture and the dorsiflexion range of motion, but in the chi-square test it shows the independence of the two variables. Previous study as found the association between the ankle dorsiflexion and strain on the plantar fascia, author determines research requires finding association of the increase in translation of the tibia straining the plantar fascia.
Randomised case control study cannot be taken as a causation, authors explains that accuracy in the case analyse was low as more variables could be included. Authors suggest further research to determine the other hypothesed causative factors for case accuracy. Author had no competing interest.
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In dorsiflexion the ATFL is loose, the CFL is taut, and the PTFL is maximally stretched. The reversed happens in plantarflexion. The CFL prevents adduction and acts virtually independently in neutral and in dorsiflexed positions. The maximum load to failure of the CFL is roughly 2-3.5 times greater than that for the ATFL. The ATFL can stretch the greatest amount before failure this allows internal rotation of the talus during plantarflexion, in contrast to the CFL and PTFL. The ATFL main role is to restrict internal rotation of the talus ...
Over time, constant wearing of heels will lead to chronic pain and destruction of
Plantar fasciitis is caused from muscles and ligaments that alter the calcaneous (the big bone on hill of foot) (Daniels and Morrell 2012). The alteration of these muscles and ligaments will inflict pain and discomfort on the patient, and if not treated will cause failure of ligaments, bones, and muscles. The patient was tested with a simple squat technique that showed his heels were coming off the ground (Daniels and M...
The footbed is molded for maximum comfort. When you have conditions like Plantar Fasciitis, heel spurs, or neuropathy, you have to be careful about the types of shoes you wear. RYKA customers have specifically mentioned how much the shoes have helped their foot pain and issues. You don't want to give up walking because you have foot pain, but walking can be painful and almost impossible with some conditions.
Studies have shown taping an ankle can limit range of motion if done correctly.1, 5 Another study done by Reut...
This paper is a critique of an article written by McKinney and Jones (1993) entitled: “Effects of a Children’s Book and a Traditional Textbook on Fifth-grade Students’ Achievement and Attitudes toward Social Studies”. In their research the authors examined the effects of a children’s book and a traditional social studies textbook on knowledge acquisition and attitudes toward social studies and the textbook in a sample of 57 fifth-graders. It is the intention of the present paper to develop analytical discussion and the holistic interpretation of the McKinney and Jones’s quantitative study (1993).
O'Brien, D. (2009). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In R. Mullner (Ed.), Encyclopedia of health services research. (pp. 1017-1021). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: http://dx.doi.org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.4135/9781412971942
...cated foot orthoses on pain and function in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a cohort study. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2011;12:70-75
This paper addresses a currently relevant topic of detection of associations of copy number polymorphism with traits and will be of interest to readers of Genetics Research.
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