Testing Assumptions There are two histograms, showing information on GPA, and showing information on final grade. Histograms are commonly used with interval or ratio level data (Corty, 2007). The data in the GPA is distributed and slightly skewed to the right, which means it has a positive skew and has a peaked distribution. The final histogram also has a leptokurtic frequency distribution, but is skewed to the left meaning this has a negative skew. Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std.
They had a particular interest on how anxiety may have influence on anorexia nervosa patient’s perception of their body image. Øverås et al. suggested patients, who suffer from anorexia nervosa, would overestimate their body size more than the healthy control group. They also proposed that patients would overestimate their body size more in the perception of their body than basing off their views from memory. Body image dissatisfaction in anorexia nervosa is separated into three subcategories: dissatisfaction with one's body; overestimation of own body size; and self-worth influences one’s perception of body weight (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
It is important to note that the size of the receptive field generally decreases in correlation to higher innervations. As was seen in the retinal receptive fields, the peripheries of tissue had contained larger receptive fields (Hartline, 1940). In our test we hypothesized that the finger region will be able to discriminate better than the forearm. This means that they will be much more innervated with neurons than the forearm, and likewise contain smaller receptive fields. This also means that convergence is closer to a 1:1 ratio, and is less the case the farther from the fingers we go.
4. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Taguchi method uses signal to noise (S/N) ratio to quantify the quality characteristics. Three types of quality characteristics are used in Taguchi technique namely, larger the better, smaller the better and nominal the better for evaluating the response[41]. The obtained results from the experiments were converted into Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio which was used to measure the deviation of quality characteristics of testing parameters values from the desired values. The lower-the-better quality characteristic was considered to obtain the optimal testing parameters because wear is an undesirable one and needs to be minimized.
The Ljung-Box test is a test for serial correlation that tests if the autocorrelation coefficients for a given number of lags are jointly not significantly different from zero. The statistic for this test is where T is the sample size, m is the number of lags and is the estimated autocorrelation coefficient. The null hypothesis for this test is that the coefficients are all jointly zero and has a distribution. The alternative hypothesis is that at least one of the coefficients is not equal to zero and implies the presence of serial correlation. We can estimate the Ljung-Box statistic in Eviews by creating a correlogram for the series rlsp500.
If the result is 30 or greater, the individual is considered obese. The BMI has a strong correlation with excess body fat, but does not directly measure it, making it an inaccurate assessment of health. Most people with a high BMI have no impairments and have no problems functioning on a day to day basis. In some extreme cases, a large quantity of excess fat can reduce mobility, but this is hardly the case for most obese individuals. With obesity rarely causing any sort of impairment in normal functioning it does not meet the standards of being a disease.
The authors used the mean as the central tendency which seems appropriate because logically people who weigh different amounts are going to lose weight proportionally. There is also a level of thoroughness that is evident by preforming the statistical analysis at multiple intervals. Had the authors only compared baseline to 12 months they could have missed a trend such as the change in total cholesterol. There was a decrease in total cholesterol at 3 and 6 months but by 12 months it was almost similar to baseline. h. Evaluate the discussion of results and the conclusions of the study.
Hence, use of sensitive identifying assessment method and early intervention on malnourished patients are quite meaningful. Malnutrition and mortality in haemodialysis patients Characteristics of haemodialysis patients are described as they have greater survive when they had a higher serum creatinine concentration or higher BMI which stand for larger body size or greater muscle mass. An increase of dry weight with muscle mass gaining correlates to the greatest survival. On the other hand, weight loss with loss of muscle mass results the worst mortality. Additionally, gain in muscle mass with weight loss was advantaged on higher survival in comparison with loss of muscle mass with weight gain (Kalantar-Zadeh et al., 2010).
Furthermore, in both the EI and EE and between the active groups, the standard deviation of the female group was higher at 13612.2 kJ whereas the male group was 6292.... ... middle of paper ... ...lism. (2002, as cited by Wells & Siervo, 2011). These various approaches by previous researchers alongside this experiment although all with their various limitations have contributed to greater knowledge towards the field as a whole. The investigation found that there was no significant difference in the percentage carbohydrate intake of active or inactive groups and therefore the null hypothesis was accepted. As obesity is a global epidemic that researchers all over the world are striving to gain more understanding and knowledge about in order to improve the health of individuals, there are still the many limitations such as the few mentioned above.
The greater the standard deviation is, the more spread out the observations are. In this study, the highest value of standard deviation is consumer ethics .82572. Therefore, skewness measures the degree and direction of asymmetry. A symmetric spreading such as a normal distribution has a skewness of 0, and a distribution that is skewed to the left. In this study the skewness is negative value.