Cucumbers’ Mass and Volume in Different Substances
Problem: If cucumber slices are placed in water, ten percent sugar solution, and twenty percent sugar solution what will happen to the cucumber?
Independent variable: mass and volume of cucumber after being soaked for 24 hrs
Dependent variable: type of solution (water or sugar substance)
Control: the cucumber before being placed in the substance
Constant: amount of substance in each cup, how long the cucumbers in the water for, the plastic wrap on each cup
Hypothesis: If cucumber slices are placed in water, ten percent sugar solution, and twenty percent water solution, then the cucumber in water will be isotonic (have the same measurement), the cucumber in the ten percent sugar water
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It was stated in the hypothesis that, “If cucumber slices are placed in water, ten percent sugar solution, and twenty percent water solution, then the cucumber in water will be isotonic (have the same measurement), the cucumber in the ten percent sugar water will become hypertonic (have smaller measurement), and the cucumber in the twenty percent sugar solution will be very hypertonic (even smaller). This is because of the process of osmosis and how things travel on the concentration gradient.” To test the hypothesis, three cucumbers were placed in three different solutions after being tested for their volume and mass. One solution held only water, another had 10% sugar, and the last had 20% sugar. After letting the cucumbers soak in each solution, their volume and mass was tested again. As shown in the table, the solution with only water had made the cucumber hypotonic. The volume was increased .16 and the mass increased .36g. In the 10% and 20% sugar solutions, the cucumber became hypertonic. The volume and mass of each cucumber had decreased. In the 10% solution, the volume went down by .16 and the mass went down .47g. In the 20% sugar solution, the volume decreased by .10 and the mass by .9g. The data collected from the lab proved our hypothesis was correct. One way to improve this lab would be to make sure the cucumbers were all the exact same size. This would make the data more accurate and easier to
The data we gathered was tested to be as accurate as possible. Our prediction on the solvents did not support our data that we collected. The cause of this could be due to human error when washing the beets or the cutting of the beets. The beets were not perfectly cut the same size, so some beet pieces were bigger than others which can affect the final the final result. We followed each step and followed the time limits cautiously. I can say if we were to redo the experiment our results would be similar because we would attempt to do the experiment as close as we did the first
Investigating the Water Potential of Celery Cells Aim = == I will be investigating the water potential of celery and to find out which solution will be isotonic with the celery cells, in other words equilibrium between the two no water will leave the cell, or enter. I will do this by following this method. Method 1.
The materials my group used were three identical plastic cups, four gummy bears of the same color, one plastic spoon, one roll wax paper, one sharpie marker, one roll plastic wrap, one graduated cylinder, 25 mL super saturated salt solution, 25 mL distilled water, 25 mL 80% sugar solution, and one 12 inch ruler. The procedure my group made follows these steps.
So the experiment will be based upon the movement of water. The first potato chip will be placed in a zero percent solution. I believe that this will increase the mass. I believe this because the zero percent solution has a lower concentration than the cell sap inside the potato. The potato takes on the water through osmosis and the cell pushes out from inside the cell making it swell and become more rigid.
To make the test fair I will use the same amount of water and the leaf
To investigate the osmotic effect of changing the concentration of sucrose solution; distilled water, 20% sucrose solution, 40% sucrose solution, 60% sucrose solution on the change in mass of potato cylinder after 30 minutes of being in solution.
At point A the graph shows that no change in mass, of the potato, would have have occurred had we used a 0.2 (m) sucrose solution. This suggests that the concentration of water inside the potato would have been equal to the solution outside the potato. At point B (plain water), there is no indication that the cell is increasing in mass. This is because the cell is fully turgid and no more water can enter.
One thing that needs to be kept constant is the amount of water for each temperature. If the amount of water is varied that means that the data would not be that reliable and easy to look at. This can be kept constant by measuring how much water by looking at the meniscus. Another constant has to be the Alka-Seltzer tablets. This has to be kept constant because there are many different Alka-Seltzer tablets like there are ones that are citrus flavored and there are ones that treat your flu.
However, the solution could be more water than salt so the water from the solution could be more concentrated than the water inside the potato cells. If so then In theory the water in the solution should diffuse into the potato. cells and increase in mass. Apparatus: Potato to perform the experiment on. Thin metal tube to cut potato chops with.
If we put the potatoes in different concentrations of seawater (0%, .4%, .8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2%) then the potato put in the highest concentration of seawater (2%) will begin to discolor and fall apart while the potato put in the lowest (0%) concentration of seawater won’t discolor and fall apart because the seawater with the 2% concentration will diffuse into the potato causing it to break down and discolor faster than the potato in the lower concentration of seawater.
This is because the water molecules pass from a low concentration to a high concentration, (in the potato chip). Therefore, the chips in low concentrations will gain mass and have a greater length height than in higher concentrations such as 1molar of sugar solution. If there is no gain or loss in height or mass then these will be the isotonic points of the potato cells. The isotonic point is where the cells are not increasing or decreasing in size and is known to be in a state of equilibrium. Apparatus: 1.
Determining the Concentration of the Cell Sap in Potato Storage Tissue Aim: To determine the concentration of the cell sap in potato storage tissue. By using Osmosis, determine what the sugar concentration of cell sap is. Prediction I predict that the potato segment in the distilled water will definitely gain in weight because the solution outside it has a much higher concentration of water then in the cell sap meaning Osmosis will occur and the potato segment take in water. I predict that 0.2M sugar solution will also gain weight because it still has quite a high concentration of water outside the potato. The potato in the 0.4M solution will gain weight but the potato in the 0.6M and 0.8M solutions will lose weight.
Osmosis in Potato Tubes Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. Diagram: [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Aim: To see the effects of different concentration of sugar solution on Osmosis in potato tubes. Key factor: In the investigation we change the sugar solution from: 0%-10%-20%-30%-40%-50% this is the independent variable; the dependant variable is the change in mass. Prediction: I predict that all the potato tubes in pure water or low concentration sugar solution will swell because water enters their cells by osmosis.
4. Put each group of potato discs in one of the 6 test tubes and watch
Prediction I think that when the potato is placed in distilled water the potato mass will increase. This is because water, has, if pure, a weaker concentration than the potato, and the water molecules move in through a partially permeable membrane by osmosis. If the potato is in a high concentration salt solution, the potato mass will decrease because the potato is less concentrated than the salt solution, and the water will move through the partially permeable membrane into the stronger solution. However, if the potato mass stays the same after the experiment, this means that the water/salt solution and the potato must be of equal concentration.