Conduct a review on corruption literature and you will come across hundreds of articles that analyze the significance of corruption from a variety of academic fields (economics, philosophy, sociology, etc). The focus of this research is on that of combating corruption in developing countries. Most economists and scholars agree that corruption is harmful to economic growth. Many researchers trumpet that reducing corruption is important and offer analysis as to how to measure corruption and why it occurs, but few offer solutions to reduce it.
Svensson conducts an expansive literature review on the topic of corruption. He provides answers to eight self-posed questions on corruption, though overall maintains a wary tone, surmising that evidence in general is limited and conclusions about combating corruption are ambiguous (particularly that cross-country analysis of data on corruption leads to ambiguous results).
However, as part of this review, Svensson offers analysis on two prominent success stories: Hong Kong and Singapore (these are the two most prominent examples of successful reforms I have come across and are mentioned by many others). Both countries reduced corruption by establishing independent anti-corruption agencies with broad powers. But these powerful agencies have in many other countries been used for political repression, not for fighting corruption. Why did they work in Hong Kong and Singapore?
In those countries, several reforms were implemented simultaneously with the strengthening of the enforcement agencies. For example, in Singapore, civil servants' pay relative the private sector increased substantially; public officials were routinely rotated to make it harder for corrupt official to develop strong...
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...uption in Hong Kong.” (October 17). http://chartercities.org/blog/75/rules-and-culture-corruption-in-hong-kong
Daniel Kaufmann. 1997. “Corruption: The Facts.” Foreign Policy 107 (Summer): 114–131.
Daniel Kaufmann. 2010. “National Disasters Teach Unorthodox Lessons on Governance.” http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0302_governance_disaster_kaufmann.aspx
Daniel Kaufmann and José Tessada. 2010. “Natural Disasters, National Diligence: The Chilean Earthquake in Perspective.”
http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0305_chile_earthquake_kaufmann.aspx
For example, See Daniel Kaufmann. 2005. “Myths and Realities of Governance and Corruption.” (November). http://ssrn.com/abstract=829244.
Shang Jin Wei. 2001. “Corruption and Globalization” Brookings Policy Brief, no. 70, April. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2001/04corruption_wei/pb79.pdf
The reform movement is typically framed as a progressive achievement in improving corrupt governments that were commonplace in many cities during the time period covered in this chapter, but it ...
Probable Causes of Corruption – Different things motivate different people. Some can motivate people to perform beyond expectations and some can lead astray from moral and ethical values.
The Haitian government’s lack of preparedness for earthquakes despite the fact that earthquakes are common to the region is indicative of the governments inability and lack of resources to properly plan and protect it’s population against natural disasters. This lack of preparedness is not an isolated incident. Prior to the disaster, the World Bank and others were working with the Haitian government to incorporate disaster risk management into Haiti’s development strategy and to develop its capacity for disaster response. This capacity building was in its early stages of development when the earthquake hit, on January 12, 2010, and was mainly focused on hurricanes, which are the most common cause of natural disaster on the island (Margesson, 2010, p. 4).
In the Shakespearean tragedy, "Macbeth", there are many examples of corruption. When Macbeth became Thane of Cordor, his wife, Lady Macbeth, was very delighted to hear of such news. And upon hearing that Macbeth had been visited by witches who saw Macbeth as king, she used every last resort to thrust her husband into power, by use of murder (of the king), blackmail and fraud. This is a perfect example of corruption, because as soon as she felt the tingle of power, she was lusting for more.
Death and decay often convey corruption within a story. The use of this particular imagery allows one to make a connection between the natural world and the nature of people. Throughout Hamlet, a play, set in Denmark, which was written in the early seventeenth century by William Shakespeare, there are several instances where one sees decay depicting corruption. Though this play is filled with massive images of decaying nature, it is also filled with images of nature in its beautiful state. Because Hamlet portrays decaying and developing nature, it shows one that it is possible to maintain a sense of self in a world that strives on corruption.
Some people may think that money doesn't corrupt people and that corruption is something that can be controlled by human choice, but money affected the social acceptance of people, it corrupted the thought process of the upper percentage of people, the wealthy people that don't accept the less wealthy because of a social barrier they feel can't be passed, the younger brother that gets rich and feels like his whole family is trying to take his money, the greed that comes along with wealth causes corruption.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
The runaway corruption in the country harms the business environment and causes collapse of various established institutions and industries.
Political instability and corruption is a major impact on growth. The rule of law and appropriate enforcement is needed to create an established system of honesty and loyalty in society. Corruption is people acting in an official capacity of trust and responsibility misusing their position for private gain. When there is this sense of corruption many things are affected. Corruption discourages investment due to lack of business ethics.
corruption and equal protection under the law for citizens regardless of wealth via legal and judicial
Some people said that corruption is rampant in all governments, So that it is not unknown to any ethnic group, region and continent. It cuts across faiths, political systems, religious Denominations and affects both young and old people. Fraud can be found in public and authoritarian rule;...
The UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) (UN General Assembly 2003) is the first international attempt to establish a standard of anti-corruption policy in order to reduce problems related to corruption (Hechler et al. 2011) like an adverse impact on economic growth (Mauro 2004). In spite the fact that the approach of UNCAC is based on large empirical evidence about the causes of corruption (Judge, McNatt, and Xu 2011) corruption remains in some countries a persistent problem (Hechler et al. 2011). A ex ante analysis by Hechler et al. (2011) identified the lack implementation as one of the major pitfalls of the UNCAC and this essay seeks to find a theoretical explanation by drawing on the literature of policy diffusion, which applies for UNCAC as the policy choices of signing countries affect the policy choices of other countries (Meseguer 2006). This constitutes an interesting case for testing the assumptions of the two main mechanism identified by Gilardi (2003), who distinguishes between mechanisms of diffusion focused on rational problem-solving or symbolic purposes (Meseguer 2006). However, this essay narrows the field of possible answers by arguing that the concept of rational learning (Meseguer 2006) does not apply and therefore advocates a critical assessment of the underlying premise of mimetic isomorphism that countries imitate each other but are more concerned about legitimacy rather than functional efficiency (Hall and Taylor 1996). Testing mimetic isomorphism against the implementation process of UNCAC will highlight under which conditions the theoretical framework is more likely to explain the outcome of anti-corruption policy. This may yield key insights on the antecedents of failure in decreasing...
Kearney, A.T. (2001). Corruption and the Globalization Index. Last access on 27 March 2005 at URL: http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/download/gcr2001/data_and_research.pdf NAIM, Mois´s (1995). Corruption Eruption. Last accessed on 2 April 2005 at URL: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=648 MORAN, Robert T. and RIESENBERGER, John R. (1994)
In this essay,we have seen evidence that corruption leads to instability in the economy,increases the transactional cost,decreases efficiency, hinders the growth of a healthy marketplace and harms the social and economic development.Therefore,it’s fair to say that Corruption has had a serious effect on the Indian Economy.If left unchecked,India is bound to lose FDI investments as investors will lose trust in the economy. “Lost opportunities caused by corruption in regards to growth,jobs and investment; India has lost up to $45-50 billion a year”(Singh 2010).
Montesh, M. (n.d.). Conceptualizing Corruption: Forms, Causes, Types and Consequences. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from