2.1 Coriander Coriander is popular for their medicinal properties from thousands of the years. Coriander fruits are mainly used to treat digestion problems. Coriander is applied externally to treat ulcer, rheumatism and several other diseases. Coriander seeds are also used to treat halitosis. In India, the coriander seeds are considered for antispasmodic, carminative, stomachic (Alison et al., 1999), diuretic activity (Jabeen et al., 2009). Many of the medicinal properties of coriander are due to the volatile oil. Essential oil of coriander is rich in phytonutrients, including limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, elemol, borenol, geraniol, furan, pyrazine and pyridine etc. (Wallis, 2005). Due to these phytonutrients, coriander is used to lower down …show more content…
Methanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum showed 16.38 mg GAE/g of extract of phenolic content while aqueous extract have 9.74 mg GAE/g of extract of phenolic content (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2013). It was observed that the phenolic content of hydro-alcoholic extract of Coriandrum sativum was higher than phosphate extract (Mirzaei et al., 2013). Diethyl ether extract of Coriandrum sativum showed low amount of phenolic content as compared to methanolic extract (Joglekar et al., 2012). Hala et al., (2011) investigated the phenolic content in ten edible plants using different solvents and concluded that water (100⁰C) extract of coriander leaves showed the highest (70.6 mg/100g of dw) phenolic content. Among the 66 vegetables, it was analyzed that the total phenolic content of coriander was 3.74 mg GAE/g of FW (Isabelle et al., 2010). Trendafilova et al., (2010) observed that coriander contained low amount of total phenolic content and there was no significant difference between organically and conventionally grown corianders. It was reported that the less effect of electron beam irradiation on total phenolic content of coriander powder even at 12 kGy doses (Verma et al., 2015). Saxena R. et al., (2012) studied the effect of grinding method (conventionally and …show more content…
Flavanoids, carotenoids, phenols, sterols, quinones and sterols etc are the examples of phytochemicals. Sasi kumar et al., (2014) indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, sterols and phenols in the ethanolic extract of coriander. Coumarins, steroids, tannins and sterols were present in the coriander (Tacouri et al., 2013). Methanolic, petroleum, chloroform, ethylacetate and aqueous extract indicated the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars and triterpenes where as glycosides and proteins presence was indicated only in the methanolic extract. Essential oil was absent only in the petroleum extract while others indicated the presence of essential oil (Pathak et al.,
Anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones,secoiridoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, coumarins, and isoflavones form a large class of polyphenols, which are phenolic compounds. This study, however, focuses on one category of these phenolic compounds: phenolic acids. These particular compounds have been classified into two groups, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids. The most common hydroxybenzoic acids are protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, while hydroxycinnamic acids include ferulic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and sinapic acid, (Nigdikar, Williams, Griffin, & Howard). Unlike hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids usually occur at very low levels in some black radish, red fruits, and onions, accounting for about 10 ppm on a fresh weight basis. Protocatechuic ac...
“Al Condraj sat on the bench he had made and smelled the parsley garden and didn’t feel humiliated anymore. But nothing could stop him from hating the two men, even though he knew they hadn’t done anything they shouldn’t have done.” (The Parsley Garden, Junior Great Books, Series 6, pg.42)
Indian food is distinguished by the variety of cooking techniques and the sophisticated use of species and herbs such as cinnamon, turmeric and cayenne. Spices used in Indian food have been shown to have medicinal value (1).
The first group of chemical compounds to be discussed are terpenes. Terpenes are a very comprehensive group of metabolites which are known to contain essential oils that produces well-known scents in herbs belonging to the Lamiaceae plant family (Scott 2008). These scented compounds are usually found in the trichomes of basil, rosemary, lavender, etc. (Scott 2008). Electron micrograph images of these trichomes can be seen below. According to Keeling & Boltmann (2006), there are about 30 000 known types of terpenes which originated from structures created from terpene synthases. These terpene synthases can be broken up into three groups, monoterpene synthases, sesquiterpene synthases, and diterpene synthases (Keeling &...
They contain proteins and other organic compounds that are necessary to balance much of the body’s behavior. Spices are known for preventing and treating a wide variety of diseases and health problems such as cancer, metabolic disorders, aging, cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory diseases. Black pepper is one of the most common spices in the world. It has the ability to reduce inflammation and excess gas, optimize gastrointestinal action, regulate enzymatic reactions, control heart rate and blood pressure, and prevent cancer due to its antioxidant capabilities. Cinnamon has the ability to reduce inflammation, eliminate pain and infections, manage diabetes, improve heart health, reduce excess gas, increase cognitive function, build strong bones, prevent cancer, and improve the health of the eyes and skin. Nutmeg is another spice that has a great source of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals necessary for human health. Cloves have a very distinguishing taste. They are antioxidants, antiseptics, anesthetics, and are anti-inflammatory in nature. Regardless of the spice, they all exhibit numerous health
Cauliflower is one of the most important vegetables of India. Cauliflower plant belongs to the family cruciferae and consumed as a vegetable in curries, soups, salads and pickles. India is the second largest producer of cauliflower after China and produces 4.694 M mt of cauliflower per year from 0.256 M ha area with an average productivity of about 18.3 mt ha-1 (http://www.ncpahindia.com/cauliflower.php; Senguttuvan et al. 2014). Cauliflower is an excellent source of nutrients having low fat and carbohydrate contents. It is rich in dietary fiber, folate, water and vitamin C and also contains beneficial phytochemicals which reportedly slow down the growth of cancer cells (FAO, 2012). The major pests and diseases of cauliflower are diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura), leaf webber (Crocidolomia binotalis), stem borer (Hellula undalis), aphid, (Brevicornea brassicae), mustard aphid, (Lipaphis erisimi), painted bugs, powdery mildew and downey
Peppermint is said to believe to have many benefits regarding health of the human body. Although many people relate peppermint to the extract we put in foods to give it flavor around the holidays, peppermint oil is used in aroma therapy. Some of its usage is for helping irritable bowel syndrome, indigestion, relieves headaches, and improves mental focus. Due to the many health advantages of peppermint oil, it has become a common essential oil used in modern day aroma therapy.
Durian is the most well known occasional natural product in Indonesia. Just 1/3 of durian is consumable, though the seeds are discarded. This waste is capability of significant worth included, for example, seed gum. Mayonnaise is o/w emulsion based item utilize egg yolk as an emulsifier, yet in this exploration, durian seed gum (2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, and 4.5%) has been utilized to supplant on egg yolk in making veggie lover mayonnaise. The best plan of veggie lover mayonnaise from 4% durian seed gum was contrasted with business and the control also. This outcome is comparable to mayonnaise with egg yolk, and the business mayonnaise. Past examinations uncovered that the characteristic polymer of gum durian seed had emulsifying action oil in water (o/w). Common gum was a polysaccharide comprising of monosaccharides connected through glycoside bonds. Common gum polymers are normally unpredictable, produced a considerable measure of plants, for example, carrageenan, pectin, CMC, starch, guar gum, and sodium carboxyl. Methyl cellulose was utilized as a gelling operator, thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier. Fluid extraction was a standout amongst the most well-known methods utilized for the extraction of gum. Gum durian seeds can be utilized
Ayurveda is the general name given to the collective practices of ancient Indian medicine and is made up of many different components such as lifestyle changes, iridology, massage therapy, aromatherapy and importantly, the application of medicinal plants and herbs. As an ancient science, until recently not much research has been conducted on the efficacy of such treatments and practices. This has been due to both the lack of availability of concrete resources and debate on the validity of translations of first sources. Of all the herbs, the use of three of the traditional plant-based treatments- namely Neem (Azardirachta indica), Sage (various Salvia species) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) - will be discussed due to reported high efficiency rates and frequent usage. These plants are reported to be highly useful in the field of Ayurveda and are not only the most frequently listed of all the herbs but also the most frequently researched. Although many cases have been documented to prove the usefulness of these herbs, there have been many cases that discourage the practice of Ayurveda by providing an argument against the safety and reliability of these herbs. Many of these claims now have recently been verified or shown to be false through proper scientific study. The use of neem and turmeric in particular has become highly controversial due to the concepts of biopiracy and biopatents and a brief introduction of that topic will be given with specific examples. Issues of safety and the general lack of scientific study will also be discussed. Negative effects of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic remedies that have been discovered through research are presented. Other benefits of using Ayurvedic plant-remedies such as cost effectiveness will also be analyzed.
Brassica oleraceae var. Italica becomes favorable due to the health-promoting compound which benefits to the consumer. Despite various benefit from broccoli consumption, this plant is sensitive to heat where nutrient easily loss. World Healthiest Foods, WHFoods recommended quick steaming method with only 4 minutes total steaming time in order to enjoy broccoli without a significant nutrient loss since broccoli is clearly sensitive to total steaming time. G. Yuan., B. Sun., J. Yuan., and Q, Wang (2009) in the study about the effect of different cooking methods on health-promoting compounds of broccoli concluded that steaming is the best method of cooking broccoli. Finding shows steamed broccoli has almost unchanged in chlorophyll content, glucosinolates, and vitamin C also containing the highest total soluble proteins and sugars with 2.6 m/g FW and 3.5 mg/g FW respectively when compared to boiling, microwaving, boiling, stir-frying and stir-frying
Oilseeds occupy very important position in the Indian agricultural economy. The varieties of oilseeds grown in India are ground nut, soybean, sesame, sunflower, cotton, safflower, mustard, etc. Oilseed storage proteins are generally rich source of nitrogen. In oilseeds, large amount of proteins are present in protein bodies (Pernollet and Mosse, 1982). Utilization of protein from unconventional sources of vegetable origin, including oilseeds for edible purposes has been explored. The oilseed proteins are categorized into 2 group’s namely low and high molecular weight fractions and based on the sedimentation coefficient the protein fractions are designated as 11S, 7S, 2S protein (Prakash and Rao,
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
The aim of this research is to analyze the uses of these various medicinal plants and to observe how each of them can treat and cure different ailments and diseases. The uses of these medicinal plants methods and how they are approved or applied will be assessed by doing this research report. The main objective of this project is to assess traditional medicinal plants and how they treat specific symptoms of disea...
Herbal remedies’ qualities are widespread availability, lower cost, effective for chronic conditions. Herbal remedies are the use of plants or plant extract to treat a person’ overall health. Herbal treatments are prominent for developing countries for instance, “in Africa up to 90% and in India 70% of the population depend on traditional medicine to help meet their health care needs” (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011), due to their low cost and availability. Herbal remedies have gained attention in the past decades, and expanding their uses due to the increased interest of natural therapies (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). Herbs used on the remedies grow in the wild throughout the world, therefore making it easy to
Amaranth is anything but difficult to develop, supplement rich and underutilized pseudocereal that can assume a critical part in activities against craving and hunger that happen because of low precipitation conditions (46). Amaranths developed mainly for vegetable utilize have better tasting leaves then the grain sorts. Amaranth comprises of 60-70 species, 40 of which are viewed as local to the Americas. More than 400 assortments inside these species are found all through the world in both mild and tropical atmospheres, and fall generally into one of four classifications: grain, vegetable, elaborate or weed (47). The Amaranth, generally known as rajgira (lord seed), ramdana (seed sent by God) is known to be an extremely nutritious pseudocereal with an extraordinarily high protein content when contrasted with the genuine grains (48). The Amaranth plant is likewise alluring since it adjusts to an expansive number of conditions, develops with life, delivers a lot of biomass, and opposes dry season, warmth, and nuisances (49). Amaranth has been touted as a supernatural occurrence grain, a super grain, and the grain without