Concrete can be an excellent choice for paving driveways, parking lots, walkways and other areas. When many customers begin considering having concrete installed, they often ask about the best thickness for the slab. Although many municipalities have established codes that require a specific minimum thickness, in some cases, the actual number may be higher than the one required by the code. Therefore, a concrete contractor must consider a variety of factors before deciding on how thick to make the slab.
(-- removed HTML --) Factors Influencing Slab Thickness (-- removed HTML --)
The first factor that must be considered is the purpose of the slab. Is it a residential driveway, a commercial parking lot, a street in an industrial district, a parking area at a truck stop, a cul-de-sac in a residential neighborhood or a walkway that winds through a park?
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If a previous pavement on the site failed, the contractor will want to determine the cause.
(-- removed HTML --) General Guidelines for Concrete Thickness (-- removed HTML --)
After the contractor considers all factors, he or she will calculate the proper slab thickness. A slab that is too thick is a waste of the customer's money, but one that is too thin will lead to premature collapse. Since every job is different, the following guidelines may vary from what your contractor recommends after your site is properly evaluated.
• Sidewalks: Concrete sidewalks are typically 4 inches in thickness. However, if a sidewalk supports motorized service vehicles or crosses a driveway, it may need to be as much as 8 inches in thickness.
• Driveways: Home driveways can be as little as 6 inches thick if they are only going to bear passenger vehicles. If they will be subject to occasional use by garbage trucks, RVs or other heavy vehicles, the recommended thickness may be as much as 6
This report summarizes the results of a review of Target Corporation’s sense of social responsibility as discerned by examining three areas: ethics, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability practices. It presents an overview of Target’s historical and ongoing corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts, and an evaluation of Target’s CSR efforts based on the corporation's policy, performance stated objectives, key performance measures, and select peers. The report includes recommendations for improvement as well as measures for evaluating improvement. The sources of Target’s policy and performance results are its corporate governance documents and corporate reporting.
This guarantees that the report will be 100 percent accurate. Also, keep in mind that just because one section of the foundation has the underpinnings of piers does not mean that the rest of the areas will be unable to move. You must understand what the engineering report says and maintain a copy of it for your own records. Make sure that the foundation repair expert has been licensed to work with the state of Arizona, and you also want to check their level of experience. For example, the ConcreteRepairman.com has been doing business for over 31 years. With that level of experience, the experts will naturally spot issues much faster than a first or or even 10-year specialist because they have been in business for a long time. The bad businesses do not last that long. Even better, you are working with a third-generation family owned
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a word that is bandied about with really little regard as to what the full implications actually are. Consider a few thoughts: What exactly is a corporation’s responsibility? Who are the arbiters of CSR for corporations? What does it cost to “rein in” corporations? Why are some companies held to a different standard than others?
If you want your modular home to sit on a full foundation and you want the benefits of a basement, you obviously cannot choose a piece of land that has ledge on the site you want to build. If you do, the costs will be raised greatly by the need for removal. If you simply want a slab to put your modular on, you can reduce the amount of site preparation as well as the costs.
Introduction There are sidewalks around Texas A&M University are in much need of remodeling. It is hard to believe that this beautiful University has gone long enough without the remodeling of mistreated sidewalks. There are many areas around campus that the sidewalks are cracked, weathered, or have holes. This is unacceptable for a university of Texas A&M’s leveling.
Throughout the construction industry, technology plays a role to help ease the completion of a project to all of the parties involved. The amount of technology application in the industry supports the belief that technology has a positive impact on project productivity. One of the main materials used in the construction industry that surrounds us every day, in which we overlook, is concrete. Concrete is an art form, in which it takes time and talent in order for it to be used efficiently, to produce its high strength and longevity. However, the downfall of this material is that it is extremely costly and nearly impossible to form it to an aesthetically pleasing surface. In spite of this, what if I told you that there is hope? That the dream of a material made of concrete, producing the same qualities, can be formed to any shape, and used anywhere was a reality.
In recent years, companies are becoming socially responsible and now stakeholders almost expect a company to have CSR policies. Therefore, in twentieth century, corporate social responsibility (CSR) became an important development in public life (Barnett, ND).Corporate social responsibility is defined as “the ways in which an organisation exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance” (Johnson, Schools and Whittington, N.D cited in March, 2012). Stakeholders can be defined as “those individuals or groups who depend on the organisation to fulfil their own goals and on whom, in turn, the organisation depends” (Johnson, Schools and Whittington, N.D cited in March, 2012). There are many purposes for this essay, the first purpose is to descried the key principles of corporate social responsibility and explain their importance for stakeholders. Secondly, is to show how far this company follows those principles in order to be accountable to at least three of its stakeholders. In this essay, three stakeholders, environment, customers and employees will be evaluated respectively and the key principles of the stakeholders will be examined.
NCHRP 2004a Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP, Part 2– Design Inputs, Chapter 2 Material Characterization”.
In these cases, such as building a reservoir, a huge number of concrete trucks are generally brought in in a caravan, and they pour their concrete into the forms that have been constructed onsite. In some cases, this order will put a concrete plant out of commission for a period of time due to the demand, and as such it must obviously be coordinated ahead of time.
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. The reason for this is because concrete is strong, easy to make and can be molded into various shapes and sizes. Besides that, concrete is cheap, affordable and is readily mix.
Remember to take a look at the walkway materials available at the hardware stores near you to get more of a feel for what would look best and what materials work best for your yard and home. For more ideas, look at a few home and garden magazines as well as some DIY magazines and sites for other walkway designs and materials.
In order for the operator to comfortably maneuver a curve there are several variables that must be accounted for, the radius of the curve, friction and velocity. Radius length may depend on sight distance and right of way, or property lines as well as sight distance. Friction depends on the surface properties of various materials and climate. The slope and velocity are usually dependent on the variables just described. While building and designing these roads, it is industry standard to put 1/3 of the change in grade within the horizontal curve and 2/3 of the transition length on the tangent. In Layman’s terms, by the time the car approaches the first part of the curve, 2/3 of the grade has already been built. This assures smooth transition for the driver to maneuver the curve³.
Business organizations regularly run into demands from various stakeholders groups when conducting day-to-day business. These demands are generated from employees, customers, suppliers, community groups, governments, and shareholders. Thus, according to Goodpaster, any person or group of people that can shape or can be shaped by attainment of the objectives by an organization is considered a stakeholder. Most business organizations recognize and understand their responsibilities to these groups and endeavor to honor and fulfill them. These responsibilities are often communicated to the public by a statement of principles or beliefs. For many business organizations, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an essential and integral part of their business. Thus, this paper discusses the two CSR views: the classical view and the stakeholder view. Furthermore, I believe that the stakeholder view has brought ethical concerns to the forefront of businesses, and an argument shall be made that businesses would improve both socially and economically if CSR, guided by God’s love, was integrated into their strategic planning.
During my under graduation I have learnt only about basics of pavement materials and different layers of pavements. It was only after studying graduate courses I realized how limited my knowledge was and I need to work very hard and explore more in this vast field. During first year of my graduate study I have studied Pavements Materials, Pavement Design and Evaluation, Highway Construction Practices and these graduate courses opened a new paradigm for me to the way I looked at pavement engineering. This prompted me to look at it as a field full of challenges which make it even more dynamic and op...
Prior to there is any opinion of design methodology, it must be unequivocal that the selection of those roads that will advantage from the pavement preservation technique vested with chip sealing is the first and most elemental step in the design method. Chip seals are not meant to develop the structural competence of the pavement section. The formula for chip seal success is articulate framed by the following extract: