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Accounting Concepts&principles
Accounting Concepts&principles
14 accounting concepts and conventions
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Introduction The accounting concepts are imply in the financial statements prepared by the business. This is to ensure that the users of accounting could get a better and accurate information. There are several accounting concepts like business entity concept, going concern concept, money measurement concept, accounting period, dual aspect concept and so on. They are apply in the books of accounting, so that the reports publish are accurate and accepted by general public. These accounting concepts are useful in preparing the accounts like it could maintain the consistency of the accounts information and reduce errors made in the books. However, there are also a few limitations for each accounting concepts, such as money measurement concept …show more content…
It states that the value of assets owned by the business is equal to the claims on these assets. For example, when a business owner injects capital into the business, the assets will increase with the same value as the equity of the business. If the company borrows loan from banks, not just the liabilities of the business increases, however the assets which is the bank account also increases with the equal amount as the liabilities. Hence, as the dual concept stated, assets of the business will always equals to the equity and liabilities of the …show more content…
There are different accounting concepts with different uses which are apply in the books of accounting. It is important to imply these concepts in the books to ensure the accuracy of the accounts and make it much easier for the users of accountings to compare the financial statements of the companies. This is very helpful for them to make important decision and take appropriate actions to continue to generate income from the business. However, accounting concepts also have its limitations as it cannot definitely helps to ensure the accuracy of the reports. So, when we are recording the business transactions, we should also be cautious to avoid making errors in the
Financial statement users around the globe use financial statements to evaluate the performance of companies (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006). In order to locate a company’s reported assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues, statement users rely on four types of financial statements. The four financial statements include: Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, and Statement of Cash Flows (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p. 6). Each of these reports provides different information to the financial statement user. The Balance Sheet reports at a point in time: a company’s assets (what it owns), liabilities (what it owes) and stockholder’s equity (what is left over for the owners) (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.7). The Income Statement shows whether a business made a profit (net income) during a specific period of time (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p. 10). The Statement of Retained Earnings illustrates what portions of the company’s earnings was paid to stockholders and retained by the company for future operations (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.12). Finally, the Statement of Cash Flows reports summarizes how a business’ “operating, investing, and financial activities caused its cash balance to change over a particular range of time” (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.13).
One must understand that the integral core of a company rests in its accounting and financial areas. The departments’ need employees with an advanced knowledge and skill set to ensure the payment of supplies and accounting on the expenditure is correctly recorded. If the accounting desk presents inaccurate spending calculations on behalf of the company, it could result in spending more than what has actually been earned; this could lead to the company not only being unable to increase in revenue, but also experience loss. It is imperative that the management of the financial department is well informed and able to make decisions by taking into account the usage of every coin stated in the expenditures, and also to know the amount of revenue the company is making so that we can plan on better strategies to improve the revenues (Lu, Madu, Kuei & Winokur, 1994).
One of the largest concepts in accounting is the equation, Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders Equity. Assets are economic resources owned by the company such as cash and inventory. Assets can be physical property such as machinery, or they can be non-material things like trademarks or patents. Liabilities are something a company is indebted to. Stockholder equities are a source of funding from stockholders. Stockholder’s equity is the money that would remain if a company paid off all of its liabilities and sold all of its assets. The relationship and equation creat...
For example, the Revenue and Expense Recognition Principle, in which companies recognize revenues and expenses in the period of time when these are earned, these are the basis of Accrual Accounting. Another important concept considered is the Cash-Basis in Accounting, in which companies should recognize revenue once cash is taken and expense when cash is paid, but this is not always accepted. After analyzing both sides (the owners and the players), and considering the two versions of Income Statement we can realize that they agree in many points but the dispute is fundamentally in the following
Traditionally, companies collect information regarding past transactions. These are then converted to statements which are used for analysis and regulatory requirements. Financial accounting has been revolving around these financial transactions and ignoring qualitative factors that may contribute to a company’s profit. Nowadays, managers recognize the impact of such qualitative factors since these contribute to the company’s future performance.
Financial and Managerial accounting are used for making sound financial decisions about an organization. They provide information of past quantitative financial activities and are useful in making future economic decisions. (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) The same financial data is used to derive reports for each accounting process yet they differ in some ways. Financial accounting primarily provides external reports for external users such as stock holders, creditors, regulating authority and others. (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010) On the other hand Managerial accounting is concern with providing information that deals with the internal viability of the organization and is tailored to meet the needs of an individual organization. (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002)
The conceptual framework identifies the primary users of accounting information as investors, creditors, and those who advise them. It also assumes a “prudent” investor; that is, an investor who takes the time to become reasonably well informed with respect to accounting theory and practice. Discuss this concept with respect to the current economic environment. Are different groups of investors “prudent”? According to the conceptual framework, the potential users of financial statements are investors, creditors, suppliers, employees, customers, governments and agencies, and the general public (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006).
Accounting is the pillar of every company to measure its growth, loss, revenue , capital, its really specify the real terms in foam of figures and sometimes in tables, in accounting there are certain rules are obtained to make more accuracy while playing with figures.
Since Information technologies develop progressively, the manual accounting information system have become insufficient for decision making, as a result, business firms which operate in either developing or developed economics consider computerized accounting system as an effective mean to ensures the effectiveness and efficiency of information flow in recording, storing processing, and analyzing financial data. This research paper will highlight the concept of Accounting Information System generally, and Computerized Accounting Information system specifically.
The purpose of this document is to describe the nature, purpose and scope of accounting and it deliberately explains the details of each category in accounting. Accounting involves in preparing financial documents of an entity by analyzing, verifying, and reporting this records. It emphasizes its major characteristic role in field of banking and finance, with a mixture of supportive sub topics.
Accounting dates back as far as first centuries, is the language of business. As everything has gone through many changes, accounting has also changed many times through out the centuries. It went from the use of abacus to the most advanced softwares, and computers. With these drastic improvements nowadays accounting, financial accounting and management are facing big challenges. From the presentation of the reports to communication to the users, investors, and owners, the accounting field has gained totally a new shape from two decades ago. Today with the dynamic change in every aspect of life, the accounting field has to act fast and be able to adapt these new changes and challenges in order to survive.
The Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASB) defined conceptual framework as a consistent of underlying concepts and the ideas that describe the nature and general purpose of financial reporting which may lead to consistent standard in accounting (Deegan 2010). The role of the conceptual framework is to ensure that financial statements in accounting are free from bias and to provide useful information that is useful for user’s decision making. The standard-setting board also formulated a range of perceptions and theories related to accounting to trigger the objectives of financial reporting. The standard-setting board keeps issuing the conceptual framework over time to ensure that the conceptual framework’s objectives are improving to provide useful financial information. The innovative work on conceptual framework was embraced in the United States by the FASB in the early 1970s. The FASB accomplished disappointment in attempting to generate a standard that at the outset might not appear to present, especially testing theoretical issues. Regardless, while attempting to achieve concession on Statement of Financial Accounting Standard, tending to the theoretical issues produced critical matter for the board members. In this manner, throughout the outset the FASB understood the requirement for an obvious conceptual framework. Based on Hines’s argument, the conceptual framework is mean to provide the ability to increase self-regulate of a profession in order to neutralizing government interference from arising. Whether this argument has been accepted or not will be discussed in more detail with supported evidence to clarify the main point about Hines’s argument. Further details about this argument will discuss below.
Both accounting and finance deal with money and assets; however, they are categorically different concepts. This portion of the essay will discuss the dissimilarities between accounting and finance. Examples of different concepts will be given for both practices.
Equity in business means an owner cannot own 100% of the business shares ownership with others and accounting for business should be separate from all personal affairs of its own. This means the person(owner) should not place any personal assets to the business balance sheet. For e.g.Expenditure of car should not be written on the balance sheet.
Accounting is a very important term to our modern society. It is the career for men and women who at the start have their eyes set on top positions in industry, management, government, and general business. Accounting is a basic need of every businessman, from the operator of a filling station to the government of the United States. It's so important to our society. None of the business organization can operate without is. They are there-somewhere-in every business. In small business, people use pen, ink and skill keep the records. In large business, modern accounting machines are used to operate. Men and women are directing these machines in the accounting process. Wise businessmen enter business must have some accounting knowledge.