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The broken windows theory essay
Thesis about broken windows theory
Thesis about broken windows theory
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Abstract This paper will discuss two theories that describe how conduct disorder develops and two treatments for the disorder. These two theories are broken windows theory and attachment theory. Broken windows theory primary focus is on the environment that an individual is raised in. If the environment is run-down and flourished with crime, it’s likely an individual raised in that environment will be influenced to commit crime. Attachment theory essentially states that if an individual has strong attachment with their caregiver, they will be less motivated in committing crime and less likely to have behavioral problems. The disorder can be treated by Childhood is primarily seen as a period of time that is sentimental; a time of innocence …show more content…
Such factors that could increase the chances of conduct disorder include parental socioeconomic status, low academic achievement, poor neighborhoods, attachment styles between caregiver and the child, parenting style, and educational background. A qualitative study conducted by Morgan, Li and Cook analyzed a sample of 7,456 children whose ages ranged from Kindergarten level to middle school level. The researchers were specially studying kids who came from a low SES household, were raised by mothers with depressive symptoms or who are experiencing emotional problems or substance abuse, or those who are punished by corporal punishment (Morgan et al., 2016). The researchers discovered that socioeconomic status plays a strong and consistent factor in conduct disorder symptomology. Therefore, children who come from a low socioeconomic background are more likely to suffer from conduct disorder. Broken windows theory supports this notion. It was also discovered that being raised by a single mother who suffers from depressive symptoms or emotional problems or substance abuse also increases the risk of develop of conduct disorder. Children who reported to have been spanked as a form of punishment were also at higher risk for symptoms associated with conduct disorder (Morgan et al., 2016). These represent findings that attachment theory
In our society, childhood has been experienced by everyone, whether it is through their upbringing, working with children, or being part of a society that values and places emphasis on childhood. Childhood is seen as a natural and inevitable phase that we all must go through before reaching adulthood and it can be defined as ‘children’s ‘natural’ biological incapacities’ (Wyness, 2012 pg. 9).
The hallmark of Conduct Disorder (CD) is an obvious and careless apathy for the rules, the rights, the emotions, and the personal territory of others. Aggression, deceitfulness, duress, and power over others are enjoyable to a child with CD. Children with CD pick fights, trespass, lie, cheat, steal, vandalize, display abusive behaviors, and, for older children, perpetrate unwanted sexual advances. The display of signs in younger children can be: ruthless bullying, lying for the purpose of lying, and stealing of useless things.
This characterization ties into the childhood motif, which emphasizes the innocence of
Criticisms of attachment theory have come mainly from the feminist schools of thought since the theory has been used to argue that no woman with a young child should work outside the home or spend time away from her baby (Goodsell and Meldrum, 2010). Children’s experience and development also depend on what happens after early years, whether bad or good later in life may change a child’s emotional development, e.g. lack of basic needs, diet, education, stimulation such as play might affect a child’s development (Rutter, 1981) Difference in cultures have to be taken into consideration as well. A study by Schaffer and Emmerson (1964) provided contradictory evidence from Bowlby’s attachment theory. They noted attachment was more prominent at eight months, and afterwards children became attached to more than one person. By one year six months only 13%of infants had one attachment. This study by Schafer and Emmerson (1964) concluded care giver can be male or female and mothering can be a shared responsibility. Social workers should therefore understand that parents are not totally responsible for the way the children develop. They did give them their genes and therefore do have some influence. Attachment theory also fails to consider the fact that the father and siblings, and other close relatives can also
In understanding others, one must first understand our own family background and how it affects our understanding of the world. Conversely, family systems draw on the view of the family as an emotional unit. Under system thinking, one evaluates the parts of the systems in relation to the whole meaning behavior becomes informed by and inseparable from the functioning of one’s family of origin. These ideas show that individuals have a hard time separating from the family and the network of relationships. With a deeper comprehension of the family of origin helps with the challenges and awareness of normalized human behaviors. When interviewing and analyzing the family of origin, allow one to look at their own family of origin
Relationships are the building block for personality and are significant in children’s ability to grow into substantial individuals who can thrive in an often harsh world. Constructing lasting and fulfilling relationships is an integral part to development as the interpersonal bonds forged are not only highly sought after but also set the ground work for all upcoming expressive interactions. Relationships and attachment go hand in hand as attachment is the strong and lasting linkage established between a child and his or her caregiver. Moreover, attachment significantly influences a large capacity of ones make up as it these first relationships that teaches morals, builds self-esteem, and develops a support system. The pioneers of Attachment Theory realized early on that human beings are not solely influenced by drives but that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers greatly impact their ability to forge lasting relationships later in life. John Bowlby was first to introduce this theory to the masses in the 1950’s, and later Mary Ainsworth conducted further research to expand on Bowlby’s theory which proclaims that attachment is a “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings” (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194). The attachment bond theory by both Bowlby and Ainsworth focuses on the significance of the relationship between babies and their caretakers which research has suggested is accountable for influencing impending interactions, firming or injuring our capabilities to concentrate, being aware of our emotional states, self-soothing capabilities, and the capacity to be resilient in the face of hardship. Additionally, this research has provided a framework for assisting in describing these att...
Attachment is described as the close emotional bond between two people and Attachment Theory (AT) generally concentrates on the early bonds in a person’s development as well as the effects that these bonds have on later socio-emotional development. While emphasis on attachment as an antecedent for future behavior and personality has decreased somewhat in recent years, it is interesting to note that the DSM IV-TR includes a “reactive attachment disorder” which it states is caused when extreme circumstances prevent proper attachment development.
Conduct Disorder has been a part of the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, there is new information about the disorder that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorized as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder (Passamonti et al., 2010.) The criteria to meet to be diagnosed with this disorder are separated into four subgroups: aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of the rules. Three or more incidents must be present in the past twelve months with at least one of the characteristics being present in the past six months. This disorder causes severe impairment of functioning across a variety of situations so it is important to keep in mind society and individual situations because this diagnosis may be “misapplied to individuals in settings where patterns of undesirable behavior are sometimes viewed as protective” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) For example, a patient that has recently relocated from a war torn country would most likely not be a candidate for Conduct disorder even though he or she may exhibit some of the characteristics.
Everyone’s childhood is sacred to them and something that everyone can recall upon and make them feel
Dodge, Pettit, and Bates (1994) also examined the lack of social support in their study of the relationship between socioeconomic status and child conduct problems. Researchers gathered data from mothers and...
There are research findings that have proven children in poverty are more likely to display higher rates of disruptive behavior (Roy & Raver, 2014). For the reason that parents who live in poverty are at higher risk in losing their jobs, working multiple jobs, poor health care, and unsafe neighborhoods, it is difficult for parents to have quality and efficient childcare and healthy parenting styles. Disregarding gender, challenging behaviors have been apparent
So we all understand that childhood s a very special time, not only for children, but also for parents. It is the era of making memories. You never get to go back to such a time in your life. Childhood is thought of by many people as the best and most carefree
Parent’s consistent harsh behavior towards their children on small issues many times takes away their innocent, playful behavior turning them into wild and a violent person. All children are born innocent. It is the circumstances in their life which makes them mentally disturbed and violent. People before addressing someone “a criminal or a mentally disturbed person” should look over his life’s history what actually caused him a violent person? “In the meta-analysis of research into parenting styles, entitled, “The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis” and published in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology authors reports that a psychologically controlling parenting was strongly associated with anti-s...
A childhood is the delicate phase of every adolescent's life where they must mature into their own person, with their own responsibilities. Although every individual will eventually bloom with their own personality, morals, and perspectives, the education and values we learn and see along the way add to the fingers that mold. We begin when we are born, and are taken in by strangers. These priceless people show us love, and just how strong attachments can be. Family ties snare us in their loving webs and become the support network to catch us throughout our youthful falls. They are our first real pictures of people, and their actions and emotions immediately become examples.
Childhood is the most unforgettable period of my life. Everyone has childhood memories. My childhood memories took place in Eritrea. These memories that are happiest and saddest memories are still in my mind. Sometimes I remember things that have happened in my childhood period and they just make me laugh. Childhood memories can be bad or good, but we can’t forget them. For these reasons, childhood memories are the most important parts of my life. Specifically, also I have some good memories of childhood.