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The origin of crack cocaine research paper
Physiological effects of COCAINE
The origin of crack cocaine research paper
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Cocaine is an addictive drug made of coca leaves, which are sacred leaves in Bolivia, as the leaves are believed to have healing powers. As I learned from https://www.yachana.org/teaching/ students/webpages/andean2k/cocaine/history.html, coca leaves have been used for a long time as a food substitute (because it satisfies your craving for food), simulant (it’s an antidepressant), medicine (weak to strong), to keep warm, and “as a measure of distance” (it allows you to work for long amounts of time with no pain). When Diego smoked the cocaine he was no longer hungry, he was very happy and he worked for hours in the pit with no pain. But I don’t think cocaine is important to the story because Diego smoked it, although to me it did symbolize the
The Cocaine Kids and Dorm Room Dealers are two very different, but yet similar books. Cocaine Kids are about a group of kids, primarily of Hispanic race, with one kid of the Black race. The kids were raised in the inner city of New York. Dorm Room Dealers are about White, middle to upper-middle class college students, who was selling drugs for their status. The purpose of this paper is to prove that there are racial disparities among drug users. There will be examples from the texts that show the different takes on the drug markets and how race plays a factor. There also will be how these experiences shape the kids drug dealing and using. The paper will conclude how all the kids either remained in the drug career or left the drug career.
Cocaine is a classified ‘Schedule II’ drug, also known as “crack”, and “coke” it is a powerful drug, and addictive stimulant well known as a psychoactive substance. That comes from a plant called coca leaf that has been around since the mid-1800s and throughout the 20th century. “In the mid-1980s, addiction to the drug was seen as exaggerated or dismissed as psychological and not addiction” (Miller, Gold, Smith, 1997, p.62). In the past, cocaine’s original use was for medical purposes as local anesthetic for surgeries. Now its usage is illegal and this drug is immersed into the body through various ways. However,...
David, A.G (2013). Cocaine use disorder in adults: Epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical manifestations, medical consequences, and diagnosis. ©2014 UpToDate, Inc.
...imply as a stimulant. Therefore, although cocaine is a stronger stimulant than regular coca, native Andean people prefer to use coca because of its cultural associations, history of use before European interactions and its various other medicinal purposes. In addition, native Andeans are more likely to use coca than cocaine because it is grown close to home and requires less processing. Although European influence existed in the development of cocaine, the people of Latin America were able to maintain the identity of the coca leaf in face of this external influence.
lest they be able to feast of the drugs surrounding them. The purpose of this was to remind them of the pleasures they had once derived from the billows of smoke that filled the air and the gravelly rocks of crack sprinkled upon a beach of cocaine. They stare for eternity at the hit they will never get.
"Cocaine delivers an intensity of pleasure - and despair - beyond the bounds of normal human experience."
Alfred Niemann, an Austrian physician, was the first to chemically extract the cocaine from the coca leaf in 1859. In the mid 1800’s, Andes has begun shipping coca over to Germany for pharmaceutical purposes. The production of cocaine for medicinal purposes went through two phases;
Pure cocaine is the product of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which is mostly found in South America (NIDA, 2014). In South America the consumption of the coca leaf have been recorded as far back as 3000 B.C. (Warner EA, 1993). The coca leafs only contain about two percent of cocaine and in this form there is few instances of abuse. The rate at which it is absorbed is slow in the digestive system and very little cocaine reaches the bloodstream. When the Spaniards came to the Inca civilization in 1532 the drug allowed the locals to endure a harsh and physically demanding life in the Andes. It was seen as a gift from the god Inti (Inciardi, 2002, pg. 49). Even today those natives of the region chew the coca leaves.
The use of cocaine in the United States has declined over the last twenty years while the use of crack has increased. Many people avoided the use of crack because of the harmful chemicals used in creating the drug. One of the reasons why crack became popular is because of not needing to inject the drug hence less risks of being infected by the AIDS virus. Carroll (2000) states cocaine is the most powerful stimulant of natural origin. Most users snort or inject the drug to enable a quicker “high.” Cocaine use brings on many health problems. Fatal complications occur from regular use, for example, liver damage, seizures, elevated blood pressure causing stroke, heart failure, or heart attack.
Cocaine originated in South America, from coca leaves. Originally, the coca leaves were chewed by workers to decrease fatigue, improve endurance and have a greater resistance to the cold. This was to benefit the workers so they could work longer hours and be more productive. In 1855 the active ingredient in cocaine was isolated from the leaves, and in 1880 it was used as a local anesthetic (Nunes,2006). It was also used in coca cola.
Substance addiction is becoming an epidemic. While some people can quit using a substance without any help, most people need help to their recovery. Narcotics anonymous is an important support group for our society. There are many different narcotic anonymous programs to join that have meetings throughout the week. The members of the support group all share one thing in common, they suffer from different types of chemical dependency. Members help each other because they have the same problems and worries that everyone in the room has. Though they may be struggling with different stages in their life, for the most part, they all relate to what each is going through. Just as AA, NA focuses on the 12-step program. The members of
The first two chapters of the book are about the drugs in general. The chapters explained how drugs have been used in the early history of the peoples for clients welfare, religious rites, but also to produce intoxication and euphoria.
Ecstasy (MDMA) is a highly illegal psychoactive drug that is known by many different, harmless sounding, street names including Adam, Clarity, Disco Biscuit, E, Eve, Go, Lover’s Speed, Mandy, Molly and X. What Ecstasy is actually comprised of however, is the very dangerous 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA. The psychoactive drug itself was originally created in the 1900s as a compound to synthesize other drugs. In the 1970s some psychiatrists began experimenting with Ecstasy during physchotherepy. During the 1980s the U.S. Drug Enforcement Adminstration added the drug to its list of substances with no therapeutic value, banning the drug. Ecstasy releases large amounts of serotonin in the brain, along with triggering both dopamine and norepinephrine. The increase of serotonin also
In this article James Rivera thinks the movie has hidden representation's of the seven stages of cocaine addiction. He says that the hidden messages are found in the characters names, jobs and looks. The thing about fairy tales, though, is that they weren't always for kids. These stories were first told around campfires and in taverns in some medieval village. The personalities of the dwarf characters (Sleepy, Happy, Doc, Dopey, Sneezy, Bashful, and Grumpy) are the symptoms that people go through cocaine usage. For one, the name Snow White, which is suppose to indicate her skin is as white as snow, indiscreetly means cocaine, because white snow is cocaine's color, and another street name for cocaine. The Dwarf "Dopey" may be the goofiest of the dwarves, with the oversized tunic, ears looking ridiculous, and also looking crazy. He's pretty much level-headed when he doesn't take his cocaine, which I think he needs to stop doing (…). Grumpy is a way people get after you start after a drug with-draw. He resembles angered, curmudgeonly, old bastard that has a mental imbalance. Without his cocaine, he's a rambling psychotic, ...
2. Cocaine is derived from the leaves of the cocoa plant and is then further processed to produce the common street drug.