In the scene by which Emilio and Raul fight, classical conditioning occurs to establish superiority and maintain a reputation. Raul’s needs to defend his honour is enhanced by when Miss Johnson states that Emilio “is stronger”, where Raul is forced to fight despite being warned against it. An unconditioned stimulus protecting their reputation and maintain a persona of strength is present. The unconditioned response which emerges from this is to fight. From this, a conditioned stimulus is established of breaking a deal with Emilio, obtaining the conditioned response of fighting. The need to do this is determined by their previous classical conditioning, where they have learnt that they must defend their reputation in any way possible as “if …show more content…
This reinforces their academic commitment and motivates the students to complete set tasks, where they are rewarded for their behaviour. There are also fixed-interval schedules, where Miss Johnson is rewarded with a salary for teaching the students. This encourages her to strive to engage her students and not give up on them, as she desires the reward of her pay cheque. A variable-interval schedule is also explored, where she is rewarded for her dedication and commitment to engage the students, as they eventually perceive her as their “light”. In addition, there are variable-interval schedules, where Miss Johnson is rewarded with good behaviour form her students after an unspecified amount of …show more content…
The unconditioned stimulus of wanting to see her student’s graduate contributes to the scenario. The unconditioned response is that she stays on as their teacher and the conditioned stimulus is that she feels guilty. This contributes to the conditioned response that she decides to remain their teacher despite her initial decision to leave the job. They also use fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement by which they positively reward her, providing her with the pleasant stimulus of a candy bar to increase the frequency of her remaining as her teacher and persuading her that they “see [her] as [their]
In this case study we can see a negative way classical conditioning occurred. During recess firecrackers went off near school, throwing the students to the group in fear. “Jim had stared in amazement at the yard of students lying on the ground, instinctively trying to protect themselves.” (Colbert, p. 52)This involuntary response was a natural instinct for the students because of the neighborhood they lived in. Gunfire was a regular occurrence, and the firecrackers resembled the sound of a gunshot. “To some degree, learners’ behaviors are influenced by the objects and events they are currently encountering.” (Ormrod ,p. 58)Specific events throughout your life can lead to certain behaviors. In this case study we saw that the gunfire they have heard causes them to fall to the ground. Classical conditioning had a negative effect on these
The case study titled "School Officials from Marshall Metro High School Attempt to Motivate Students & Teachers to Achieve Higher Performance" is about the different ways the school system used to motivate the students to come to school (Kinicki & Williams, 2013, p.405). It is also a good example of how rewards and behavior can affect the outcome of the situation.
In the experiment, participants were told they were involved in a learning experiment, that they were to administer electrical shocks and that they should continue to the end of the experiment. Participants can receive little money, four dollar and fifty cents, as benefit. There were three roles were involved, participants performed the teachers that actually being studied; one investigator performed the students who would be punished by electrical shock; another investigator performed the strict role who gave the orders when participants wanted to give up. During the course of the experiment, each time the ‘student’ made a mistake the participant was ordered to administer ever-increasing electrical shocks. Participants were not in fact delivering electrical shocks. The student was kept out of sight of the participant’s view, so they believed they were hurting the student. And they were told that towards the end of...
“Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior” (Cherry). Positive reinforcement which is praising a person for doing something good verses negative reinforcement which is an unpleasant remark a punishment. B.F. Skinner did an experiment on a rat, the rat was taught to push two buttons, one to receive food and the other was a light electric shock. The rat tried both buttons and realized which button was good and which one was bad. This experiment goes to show that upon the rewards and punishment system one can learn their rights from their wrongs through a series of lessons. Kincaid and Hemingway both use operant conditioning to show human behavior under stimulus control.
Give an example of Operant Conditioning in the movie. Give an example of Social-Cognitive Learning. (2
O’Brien continuously pushes the students to be the best they can be. She does this by not only setting high expectations, but helping and guiding each and every student to reach those expectations. According to “Cognitive Development and Learning in Instructional Contexts,” by James P. Byrnes, Thorndike believed in “other regulation,” not self regulation. He believed that is was up to teachers to help students regulate themselves and succeed. Though this, he recommended that teachers take an active role in students lives. Instead of pushing information at students while they sit and listen passively, teachers must regulate the students and take steps to extend their learning. (Byrnes, 2007, p 12) Mrs. O’Brien may believe the same as well, because she uses these strategies in her classroom during all her lessons. For example, while I was observing this literacy lesson students were completing an individual assignment. Mrs. O’Brien then stated that once the students were done with the assignment, sitting nicely, and quietly, they would be given a heart on their paper and then a skittle to eat and enjoy! Mrs. O’Brien took Thorndike’s idea and strategy by not expecting the children to stay on task, finish their work to completion, and regulate themselves. She kept this in mind and used a form of reinforcement, in order to keep these children regulated and on top of the task at
When Antonio was seven years old, he had a very bad flu and was hospitalized. He was able to recover without complications, but he noticed that whenever he drove by the hospital he was treated at that he would start to feel sick to his stomach.Unconditioned stimulus in Antonio's case was initially the hospital. The unconditioned response to being at the hospital was he didn't feel well. Then the Hospital became the conditioned response by making Antonio feel sick when he had to visit or drive by the hospital. It is because he associated the hospital (CS) with feeling ill. The hospital where he was treated for the sickness is the conditioned stimulus (CS), causing him to remember what occurred and inducing his stomach to hurt (CR) which is an conditioned response. This is an example of classical
Skinner argues that ‘learning is accelerated by reinforcement: a stimulus that increases the probability of a response’ called ‘operant conditioning’ and it is not reliant on what triggered the response but...
the behaviour that is expected of the school for the children. Furthermore, the reward method that is
I observed the teacher sitting down with a group of students reading a book. As she would read she would have the children repeat what she would say. “Say goodnight to the bird”. This relates to Albert Bandura’s Social Learning theory. This theory claims people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling.(Berk 2013) The kids are learning by imitating what the teacher is having them say. Later I observed a kid walk over to a small bookshelf and knocked it over. The teacher came over and was visibly upset. She scolded the kid very sternly for this action. This relates to B.F Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning. This is the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences. Whether it be reinforcement or punishments, which make it more or less likely that behavior will happen again.(Berk 2013) Since the adult was stern and made it clear she was disappointed, it lowers the likeliness this child will knock over the bookshelf
I. Introduction of classical conditioning Classical conditioning also called as Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning. It is a kind of learning a new behavior through association that when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and evokes a conditioned response (CR). It also is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus (Cherry, 2014). Classical conditioning has much strength such as can help to explain all aspects of human behavior and many of advertisers will use classical conditioning to advertise their produces, however it also have some weaknesses such as all classical conditioning responses must involve a reflex and classical conditioning is a completely physical process, learning is not important as reflected in scenario. This paper will talk about the strengths and the weaknesses of classical conditioning theory followed by a brief description of the scenario and the strengths and weaknesses of applying classical conditioning on it.
Operant conditioning is a system of learning that transpires through punishment and rewards for behaviors (Kalat, 2011). Through this, a connection linking a behavior and a consequence is made. For instance a kid could be told that she will not get recess privileges if she talks in class. This possibility of being punished leads to decrease in disruptive behaviors from her. The major components of operant condition are punishment and reinforcement (Kalat, 2011).
The utilization of positive reinforcement is a possible technique for enhancing students’ behavior for a variety of school conditions for individual and as well as for the group of students (Wheatley, et al., 2009).
In my reaction paper I will discuss B.F. Skinners theory operant conditioning and the ways he tested it out on animals, how it relates to humans, and how I can relate operant conditioning to my own personal life.
The factors which are evidence that classical conditioning is taking place in this case are: Emily feels embarrassed, runs to the bathroom, and leaves the school with the excuse that she does not feels well, when Mr. Robinson reveals her letter to the class. In this case Mr. Robinson’s revelation of her letter is the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response is her feeling embarrassed and leaving the school. The conditioned stimulus is apparent in the case when Emily remembers the incident in Mr. Robinson’s class and the conditioned response is when she feels ill, her stomach begins to hurt, she feels her body begins to sweat, and she doesn’t want to go to school. Another conditioned response is when Emily returns to school she