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Circumcision debate research paper
Circumcision debate research paper
Circumcision debate research paper
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Circumcision of A Newborn There is often a misunderstanding of the severity of the choices that soon-to-be parents must make when having a male child. One choice that the parents must take into consideration is whether they would like to have him circumcised soon after his birth. Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce from the child’s penis. When making this decision, guardians must be fully informed of all knowledge of the procedure and all that the surgery entails to the child. Parents should consider the possible negative physical effects, the possible negative psychological effects, as well as the procedure being in violation of all medical ethical principles that the surgery will have. Thus, the decision in which a fully informed parent should make is to wait …show more content…
Complications arise 55% of the time (Bollinger) and can include infection, too little or too much foreskin being removed, Meatitis, necrosis of the penis, urinary retention, amputation of the glans, or Phimosis. Any of these complications, if not treated appropriately, can lead to death. Dan Bollinger states that according to a recent study, there are approximately 117 neonatal circumcision related deaths in the United States that occur annually, arising from these complications. This makes up about 1.3% of all male neonatal deaths. The exact number can only be approximated due to physicians not listing on the death certificate circumcision as “the immediate or leading cause of death and rarely listing circumcision as an underlying cause,” (Bollinger). While circumcision is often looked upon as a relatively easy procedure by the physician, the parents of the child should still be aware that it is still a surgery that has risks associated with it and is not 100% guaranteed to go exactly as planned by the parents or the
Descriptions of ritual circumcision span across cultures, and have been described in ancient Egyptian texts as well as the Old Testament. With this being said, “The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that circumcision has potential medical benefits and advantages, as well as risks. Evaluation of current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks and that the procedure's benefits justify access to this procedure for families who choose it, however, existing scientific evidence is not sufficient to recommend routine circumcision.” (n.d.).
Afterwards, the parents sign a surgical consent giving the provider the approval to perform the procedure. The purpose of the circumcision is to remove the foreskin from the head of the penis, and allow the head of the penis to be exposed. The provider will use various supplies during the procedure such as an topical or injection anesthetic, a scapula to cut the foreskin, and one of three different clamps to hold the foreskin. According to Bcheraoui et al. (2014), studies have revealed that male circumcisions have an overall side effects rate of 0.5% if performed during the child’s first year of life, but increase up to 20 times that if performed after
Little, Cindy M. "FEMALE GENITAL CIRCUMCISION: MEDICAL AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS." Journal of Cultural Diversity 10.1 (2003): 30-34. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2011.
Circumcision is a painful operation that newborns in the United States experience. Anesthetics are not used on these patients since they are at such a young age, as a consequence the infant is awake throughout the procedure. Some infants
Most Americans view circumcision as a solution to a problem which it is not. Circumcision has not been scientifically proven to prevent, solve, or improve any health condition or state. One of the most common reasons people circumcise infants is because they believe it will make cleaning babies easier. This is a common misconception. Parents for generations have been taught that uncircumcised babies need to have the underside of their foreskin cleaned, but this is physically impossible to do without permanently damaging the organ. When a baby is born the foreskin is fused to the head of the penis, thus no additional care is needed. The organ is very self-cleaning just like it’s female
Certainly, in the United States (and much of the Western world), female circumcision is illegal; however, male circumcision is utterly legal. In fact, in 2007, the Center for Disease Control reported that almost eighty percent of men in the United States were circumcised (Morris): legally, zero percent were females. Yet, several nations, where the culture is absolutely polar from the West, have prohibited male circumcision (Evans). The predominant factor, of course. The ideologies of culture make the laws, including morals; thus, these laws represent each region’s civilization, morals, and culture. Again, doctors must conform—this time to the law, not the parent. So, any decision doctors make, regarding circumcision, is due to cultural restrictions and their own
Since male circumcision is a surgery there are certain risks involved. There is a 2-10% occurrence rate of key complications that involve hemorrhage, sepsis, fistula, meatal stenosis, removal of excessive skin and penile loss (5:2239), of which parents should be made aware.
... cause of a problem but it is the result of a situation’ (Greunbaum, 2001, pp. 177-178). There’s a need to understand the cultural and social dimension of female circumcision in order to realize and respect people for the culture; however, there is also a need for better medical environments for this procedure to be performed in.
complications, and one fifth of those are consid ered life threatening.3 Teenage aborters are at an even higher risk.4
The results showed that only 38% of the 133 people that participated in the study thought that neonatal male circumcision was beneficial for the prevention of HIV; however, of those same people, 65% thought that circumcision was beneficial to the prevention of other sexually transmitted diseases, and 96% of the doctors and nurses knew that circumcision was beneficial for hygiene. These numbers are surprisingly low considering these are the people that are performing the surgeries so they should be aware of the benefits, as well as the
Many question whether female circumcision (FGM, genital cutting, etc.) is a form of abuse, is it a humane and morally acceptable practice and how can we fix this horrendous practice? These assumptive thoughts are typically made through the eyes of outsiders, female circumcision is many things and must be looked at through such a lens. Despite, all of this female circumcision is still framed very commonly between these three views, female circumcision is abuse, is a result of patriarchal societies, and is a cultural and religious practice.
Rites of passage, specifically circumcision, are the focus of study for multiple theorists. Circumcision as a ritual of passage encompasses various theories on the function of these ritualistic passages. Arnold Van Gennep, Vincent Crapanzano, and Victor Turner each approach the ritual of circumcisions’ function differently, specifically they question whether the ritual can be considered in stages.
I have chosen to do my essay on the largest organ of the body, skin. It has several functions vital to the survival of the body as I will discuss in the following paragraphs.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitting infection caused by Treonema pallidum, a gram negative, and anaerobic spirochete bacteria 1. Syphilis is thought to have been brought to Europe by Columbus and his sailors in the 1500’s 1. The disease is characterized by four different stages with varying symptoms depending on the stage that the disease is in1. Often syphilis is presented with another sexually transmitted infection such as chlamydia. Public education regarding safe sex is important for the prevention of this sexually transmitted infection.
Female circumcision, also known as Female genital mutilation, or female genital cutting is a custom that has sparked controversy among many people belonging to other cultures not accustomed to the practice. Within the argument lay a series of debates surrounding the issue as culture and tradition clash with human rights over whether or not this practice should be allowed. Advocates against the practice draw on the prevalence, perceptions, and reasons for conducting FGM to combat what they believe is a human rights issue.