Overview
China in the 20th century has been going through enormous changes. From
colonialism and imperialism to republicanism, from communism to capitalism, and from
underdevelopment to a country maintaining over 10% economic growth for over ten
years. In this research paper, I will focus on the transition of China from a Communist
command economy to a type of market economy as well as the economic fluctuations
throughout this period.
In 1949 Oct 1, the People’s Republic of China was established. Before 1949,
there was a period of civil war soon after the world war two. The confrontation was
between the Nationalist Komintang led by Chiang Kai Shek and peasant-based
Communist party led by Mao-Zedong, ended with Chiang’s defeat. Mao became the
leader of China, and he believed that Marxism was the best way to solve China’s social
and economic problems. He wanted to stop the landlords from exploiting the farmers.
Under the rule of the Communist party, the people owned all the economic areas of
China, and these would be controlled by the Communist government. All of the people
would work for the common goal of the country. As a result, Chinese socialism was born.
The pre-communist history of modern China has been essentially one of
weakness, humiliation and failure. This is the atmosphere in which the Communist Party
developed its leadership and early growth. This resulted in strong determination by
chairman Mao to eliminate foreign influence within China, to modernize the country and
envision a strong economy under Communist control. Therefore, a series of radical
reforms were introduced and the social organize was transformed under Communist
control.
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Economic growth during the first ten years of Mao’s regime was significant.
However, the Great Leap Forward (1958-61) introduced catastrophic changes resulted in
a famine in which some 30 million people may have died. The Cultural Revolution from
1966-76 led to further disruptions and the standard of...
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Conclusion
China is enjoying an economic Renaissance. A steady supply of foreign currency
from the investors helps China modernize its infrastructure, agriculture and industries,
thus benefiting China’s gargantuan population of 1.2 billion people. If only a quarter of
them could be considered middle class, then there exists a potential market of more than
300 million consumers. If China in the coming decades, increased its GNP per
capita to $5000 – the level of its new industrialized neighbor, South Korea – it will
possess the world’s largest economy. With such economic power, China will become
one of the world’s leading trade power, it is a goal that Chinese authorities are firmly
intent of reaching (Fong 120,121).
The Political Turmoil of China From 1911 to 1927 There were many reasons why China slipped into political instability or turmoil between 1911 and 19287. There reasons include the questionable leadership of Yuan Shih Kai, the presence of the warlords, the One of the reasons was that questionable leadership of Yuan Shih Kai. When Yuan took over control from Sun Yat Sen as the President, he tried to revert to the monarchical system of rule. From 1912 until 1915, he ruled as a military dictator with the support of the army. His rule was already blemished with resistance and that demonstrated that the people did not quite accept him as the leader of China.
From 100 CE to 600 CE the Chinese had many cultural and political life changes and continuities. A political change was in the end of the Classical Chinese period when the Han Dynasty fell. A cultural change during 100 CE to 600 CE was the paper invention that led to passing down cultural rituals. Not only were there changes but there was also continuities in the Chinese political and cultural life. An example of a cultural continuity is the increasing power of Buddhism. A political continuity is the ruler of the Chinese wanting the people to be protected with for instance The Great Wall of China.
Immigration, the act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. Throughout the United States’ history, immigrants faced various challenges and especially after 1880. Most immigrants moved to achieve the American dream of having a better life and pursuing their dreams. But, this experience as they moved, was different for every immigrant. Some lives improved while others did not. Immigrants such as Catholics, Italians, and the Chinese were not welcomed into America in the late 19th century and early 20th century because of their differences in beliefs and cultures.
The liberation areas were made up of poor and mostly small farms. The Communists and their leader, Mao Zedong, began making land reforms. Big estates of land were taken from the rich landlords and shared out. among peasants who did not have land of their own. The communists also introduced many social reforms, particularly for women.
... a civil war that led to loss of many lives and destruction of property.
The American Civil War fought from 1861 to 1865 is described as “the bloodiest conflict in the history of North America” (Feature Causes Of The Civil War). The Civil war or war between the states was fought for many economic, political and moral reasons tracing back to the very start of America. The civil war fought between the Northern and Southern states is truly a significant event in the history of the United States because it involved American citizens fighting against each other. The American civil war was initiated through the controversy over slave labor, unfair actions toward Southern states and the vast division between the Northern and Southern states.
Mao's period of communal reform and the establishment of the Communist party from 1949-1976 was needed in order for Deng's individual oriented, capitalist society to thrive. Mao's period encompassed the structure of a true dictatorial communist government. It strove to concentrate on unifying communities to create a strong political backbone while being economically self-sufficient and socially literate and educated in Maoist propaganda. Under Mao's leadership individual wealth was seen as a hindrance to community goals in meeting production quotas and was crushed by such policies as collectivization, land reformation, and movements such as The Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. Under his rule, modeled under the Stalinist USSR archetype, China raised its masses from poverty and starvation to a standard of living that was considered a substantial upgrade.
was a loyal communist who sacrificed his own life so his people could have a
Communism is a system of government, a political ideology that rejects private ownership and promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of all property and the means of production, where by all work is shared and all proceeds are commonly owned. Communism is practised in China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. However most of the world’s communist governments have been disbanded since the end of World War II. Soon after the Japanese surrendered at the end of World War II, Communist forces began a war against the Kuomintang in China. The Communists gradually gained control of the country and on the 1st October, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the victory of the Communist party and the establishment of the People's Republic of China. China has been ruled by the Communist party ever since.
China After World War II Civil war is raging in China. Across the plains of Manchuria troops of Chiang Kai-shek’s central government is battling for supremacy. against the military forces of the Chinese Stalinists. With the generous aid of American imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek succeeded, in May, in capturing the strategic town of Szepingkai. Next, the sandbox of the sandbox.
China’s ruling party at the time was the Kuomintang (KMT). They had toppled the Qing emperor, but they were unable to truly unite the country. In 1923, the KMT and the CCP briefly allied to defeat the warlords in Northern China, but this was not an alliance that we meant to last; the KMT leader Chia...
The inequality felt by the South resulted in a civil war against the North. The first Civil War took place in 1955. before Sudan declared independence and ended in 1972 resulting in autonomy for the South. Another ...
Zheng, Y., (1999), ‘Political Incrementalism: Political lessons from China’s 20 years of reform’ Third World Quarterly, 20(6): 1157-1177.
When the new Chinese Government was set up in 1949, the new government faced a lot of problems. First on their agenda was how to re-build the country. As Communist Party of China (CPC) is a socialist party, their policies at the time were similar to that of the Soviet Union’s. Consequently, the CPC used a centrally planned strategy as its economic strategy when it first began. For a long time, the Chinese economy was a centrally planned economy in which none other than the state owned all companies. In fact, there were absolutely no entrepreneurs. As time went on, the problems of a centrally planned economy started to appear, such as low productivity, which was the key reason for restricting the development of China. With the population growing, the limitations of the centrally planned economy were clear. In 1978 China started its economic reform whose goal was to generate sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the Chinese economy. In the beginning, in the late 1970s and early 19...
China has also expanded their trading industries with countries such as South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, ASEAN, India, Russia and Hong Kong. This has not satisfied the Chinese greed for income as they also export and import goods to American countries, name...