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Trafficking and global sex industry annotated bibliography
Essay on sex trafficking 5 sources
Thesis on sexual trafficking
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Society often overlook other “less” prevalent crimes, one prime example is child sex prostitution. There are not a lot research concerning this particular type of crime, in addition to a small amount of ample evidence supporting the level of severity, and coming up with prevention policy (Reid, 2012). There is a growing trend for this type of service, around the world and United States (Fong & Cardoso, 2010). Although, most sex trafficking cases are often more associated with adults, it is actually the youth and/or child populations that are increasing in the number of sexual exploitation cases (Fong & Cardoso, 2010). The following contents will take a brief look at child sex trafficking in terms of age range, destructive outcome; also providing …show more content…
In the article “Characteristics of child commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking victims presenting for medical care in the United States”, a study was conducted regarding a group of sex trafficking victims, the result shows history of abuse prior to exploitation with a high majority of victims can attest for (Varma & Gillespie & McCracken & Greenbaum, 2015). Also on the list are parental substance abuse, and runaway behavior; runaway or homeless youths often offer sex in exchange for food or money, one form of sexual trafficking (Varma & Gillespie & McCracken & Greenbaum, 2015). Sexual orientation, history of suicide attempts, being African American (race bias), lack of resources and/or unemployment (Reid & Piquero, 2014) are other causative agents that raise the susceptibility of rendering to sex trafficking (Varma & Gillespie & McCracken & Greenbaum, 2015). Some of these factors often link together or represent a chain reaction based on the examples listed above. Sexual trafficking for the youth population could have resulted from one of the examples mentioned above, from one problems after another, or multiple problems in one setting; casing point, a young child can be raise in a setting where his or her parents abuse substances, while facing personal problem as well, these exigencies could force a child seeking other forms of comfort or solutions. Often, a child sex trafficking victim is at a higher risk for making poor decision, both prior and subsequent to exploitation, due to the effect of the brain development-impulsivity or lack of experience (Varma & Gillespie & McCracken & Greenbaum, 2015). Another big factor contributing to the spread of child sexual trafficking would be the Internet, it is a risky environment for many young children (Kotrla, 2010). With
... middle of paper ... ... Underprivileged and depressed children are victims that are usually targeted and because of that, governments and human rights organizations have created laws that protect victims and prosecute traffickers. The act of luring victims into sex trafficking takes a form where the trafficker has to find ways to please the target and get victims to rely on them. Physical and psychological pain are inflicted on victims in order for them to stay in the Life which causes later effects felt by the victims when freed.
This study examines the research that initially began on October 28, 2000 and spanned through to October 31, 2009. If a human trafficking case occurred in the US, with the victim being under the age of 18, and at least one arrested, indicted or convicted felon, their case would be filed in the data analysis report. This research resulted in the finding of 115 separate incidents of human trafficking, involving at least 153 victims and 215 felons or perpetrators, 117 (53.4%) of them being convicted of their heinous actions. Each individual case consisted of anywhere between 1 to 9 victims of trafficking. 90% of these victims were females between the ages of 5 to 17 years who were held captive from less than 6 months to 5 years. 25 (16.3%) of these minors were exploited through some type of false promise and 15 (9.8%) were kidnapped. 34 (22.2%) of the victims were abused through com...
The book Renting Lacy: A Story of America’s Prostituted Children by Linda Smith addresses the topic of the underground world of child sex trafficking. Unfortunately, it is a topic that has been purposefully neglected in our society for many years. The author presents every chapter with a real story of a sexually exploited child. The stories are intense, powerful but especially touching which makes the reader feel frustrated, desperate, and vexed. After every chapter, Smith tries to include commentaries that presents a deeper understating about human trafficking. It seems that the purpose of her commentaries is to make the reader think deeper about the problem of sex trafficking and accumulate desires to act towards this issue as they continue
Trafficking is the recruitment, harboring, transportation and provision of a person for the purpose of commercial sex. American trafficking victims are estimated to be between 100,000 and 300,000. Most of these are from the million are so children that are thrown out of their home or they have run away usually to escape abuse and/or sexual violence. (Shelley, pg. 230) The law says that a person under the age of 18 has to have been defrauded, forced or coerced into the sex trade against their will. Sex trafficking venues are wide and vast. Victims of sex trafficking can be found in brothels, strip clubs, esc...
The trafficking of young women and children for prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation is one of the most significant human rights abuses in contemporary society. A common misconception about human trafficking is that it only happens abroad, in reality it is happening here, in the United States and in states such as New York, Florida and California. The United States plays a major role in the human trafficking crisis, which offers those who wish to eliminate the occurrence of sexual trafficking with an opportunity to consider solutions that can decrease the appalling rates of victimization that happen right here in America. It is proposed that in cities such as Miami, New York City, and Los Angeles there is a relationship between prostitution, sex trafficking, and drug use.
Meaning that a victim can be anyone, regardless of their gender identity, sexual orientation, race, or socioeconomic status. Raising more awareness and increasing the amount of education regarding this topic is vital in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan communities. Teaching youth at an early age what a healthy and unhealthy relationship looks like and how to be safe on the Internet is key in combating the issue of exploitation and trafficking. As well as training professionals and individuals who may come across victims in any setting to be able to recognize the signs of sexual exploitation and sexual trafficking. With an increase in training and awareness, the world may be able to gain a more realistic calculation of how many individuals are affected by either sexual exploitation or sexual trafficking.
The United States is a major port for human trafficking and, “Due to the covert nature of human trafficking, it is difficult to ascertain which countries are the primary source nations for trafficking into the US” (Hepburn). People of all ages and genders are at risk to human trafficking (Hepburn). Women and girls make up about fifty-six percent of the people trafficked for forced labor, while men and boys make up the other forty-four percent; children make up forty to fifty percent of those numbers (Hepburn). Ninety-eight percent of the people trafficked for sexual explorations are women and girls (Hepburn). Children tend to be targeted more than adults because they are much more vulnerable. Human trafficking has different forms, and “While trafficking for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation is more publicized in the media, it is not the only form of trafficking that takes place in the US” (Hepburn). Trafficking for the purposes of forced labor is just as likely to occur as trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation (Hepburn). Many citizens have never heard of human trafficking for something other than sexual exploitation. Hepburn shows that, “Forty-three percent are trafficked for purposes of...
(Reid & Piquero, 2014). There are some common terminologies regarding the determinants that led many young victims into this path; the first one is “love bombing”, this term is coined by many gang members, which infers promises made to young victims for love or better lives, then requiring them to earn money through sex trafficking (Reid, 2014). The second term is “entrapment”, this general term regards to schemes that a pimp or exploiter can use to influence the victims’ emotions in order to force them into perform sexual trafficking (Reid, 2014). A few familiar examples can be: normalizing sex, isolation, flatter or romance, preying on intellectually disabled youths (Reid, 2014), false agencies advertise for modeling opportunity, but often turns out to be abduction traps leading to sex trafficking (Hodge, 2008). The entrapment examples above vary in repetition, some are used often, while others are special cases (Reid, 2014). Another term is “enmeshment”, this term offers an alternative conception for emotional factors being reasons why a child victim would be linked to sex trafficking situations; for examples, loyalty, a sense of obligation, pimps provide hope to return to family, intimidations, or fear of harming loved ones (Reid, 2014). It is also highly conventional to threaten pregnant female victims, ranging from
Mcclain, N. M., & Garrity, S. E. (2011). Sex Trafficking and the Exploitation of Adolescents. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 40(2), 243-252.
In order to understand how sex trafficking affects its victims, one must first know the severity of sex trafficking and what it is. The issue of sex trafficking affects 2.5 million people at any given time (Abas et al., 2013). The form of sex slavery affects many women and children across the world. Even though both males and females are sexually trafficked and exploited, there is a deep emphasis on the sexual exploitation of women and children. This is due to gender discrimination (Miller, 2006). This is because women and children are more vulnerable and appeal to the larger populations of brothels and the so-called “clients” since the majority are men. Ecclestone (2013) stated that children as young as age three are trafficked. Sex trafficking has changed over time; “Today, the business of human sex trafficking is much more organized and violent. These women and young girls are sold to traffickers, locked up in rooms or brothels for weeks or months, drugged, terrorized, and raped repeatedly” (Walker-Rodriguez & Hill, 2011). It is found that many of the victims of sex trafficking are abducted, recruited, transported and forced into involuntary “sex work”. These sexual acts include prostitution, exotic dancing, pornography, and sexual escort services (McClain & Garrity, 2011). What happens to these sex trafficking victims is extremely traumatizing.
Sex trafficking is essentially systemic rape for profit. Force, fraud and coercion are used to control the victim’s behavior which may secure the appearance of consent to please the buyer (or john). Behind every transaction is violence or the threat of violence (Axtell par. 4). Just a decade ago, only a third of the countries studied by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime had legislation against human trafficking. (Darker Side, par.1) Women, children, and even men are taken from their homes, and off of the streets and are brought into a life that is almost impossible to get out of. This life is not one of choice, it is in most times by force. UNODC estimates that the total international human trafficking is a $32-billion-per-year business, and that 79% of this activity comprises sexual exploitation. As many as 2 million children a year are victims of commercial sexual exploitation, according the the U.S. State Department.-- Cynthia G. Wagner. (Darker Side, par. 4) The words prostitute, pimp, escort, and stripper tend to be way too common in the American everyday vocabulary. People use these words in a joking manner, but sex trafficking is far from a joke. Everyday, from all different countries, people are bought and sold either by force or false promises. Some are kidnapped and others come to America with dreams of a dream life and job. The buyers involved in the trade will do anything to purchase an innocent life just to sell for their own selfish profit. Many people wouldn’t think of a human body to be something you can buy in the back room of a business or even online. But those plus the streets are where people are sold most often. There are many reasons and causes for sex trafficking. The factors behind sex traffic...
One of the largest targets for sex traffickers is a child. Since children are considered vulnerable they are easily coerced or kidnapped and made to perform sexual acts for others and live in debt to their owner or pimp. “Sex traffickers frequently target vulnerable people with histories of abuse and then use violence, threats, lies, false promises, debt bondage,
Trafficking is recognized as a major health problem and tragic transnational crime (Muftic). Most people think the physical abuse from trafficking is the worst part about it. What most people do not know, is the mental abuse can be just as horrifying if not more. The women who are trafficked have poorer health outcomes, and more intense and prolonged psychological reactions to abuse than women who are not trafficked (Muftic). When a woman's sexuality is violently used or abused, it is far more damaging to her than words, fists, or any other abuse that could be heaped on her. It is an invasion of the essence of who they are. Women were reported having suicidal thoughts/attempts, feelings of anger/rage, depression, inability to feel, difficulty sleeping, self-blame/guilt, and loss of appetite (Muftic). These poor women have no idea what the trafficking life can hold for them, not just while being there but also after they have left that life. Casey Roman noticed a coping mechanism for some of the women. They will laugh off information or past memories, telling their brains that what is or was happening to them is not as bad as it really is (Roman 2). Most of these women in the life have actual disorders. In 2008, the United States Department of Health and Human Services identified the serious and complex mental health problems of sex trafficking victims. The disorders included, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety and mood disorders, dissociative disorders, and substance related disorder (Muftic). The women might not even realize they have a disorder until they are out of the sex trafficking life and living in the normal world. It is evident that the mental effects take a negative toll on the women in sex
It is most important to understand that children and teens of all racial, religious, ethnic, gender and age groups, at all socio-economic levels are sexually abused. Although there are risk factors that may increase the possibility of sexual abuse, sex abuse can be found in all types of families, communities, and cultures (The Scope of, 2016). Childhood sexual abuse is an important issue to address because the impact of sexual does not end when the abuse ends. Childhood trauma follows into adulthood and can have long-range effects. “Survivors of sexual abuse are at significantly greater risks for severe and chronic mental health issues, including alcoholism, depression, anxiety, PTSD and high risk behaviors” (The Scope Of, 2016). Victims may experience traumatic sexualization, or the shaping of their sexuality in “developmentally inappropriate” and “interpersonally dysfunctional” ways (Effects of Child, 2012). “A child who is the victim of prolonged sexual abuse usually develops low self-esteem, a feeling of worthlessness and an abnormal or distorted view of sex. The child may become withdrawn and mistrustful of adults, and can become suicidal” (Effects of Child, 2012). Overall, the effects and impact of childhood sexual abuse are long lasting and do not diminish when the abuse ends, their childhood trauma follows them into
Visualize a young girl about eleven years old, handcuffed to a bed in a brothel and forced to provide pleasure to many men in one night. Also, visualize this young girl living in horrible needy circumstances, after many deceitful promises of a better and healthier life. Now, imagine this girl is your own child, sister or relative. How does that feel? These are such unpleasant and horrid thoughts, but these actions are very common in the United States and throughout the world. Everyday, young girls are exploited and used to satisfy adult sexual desires without feeling guilty or ashamed. Child prostitution is a major public concern in the United States and it must stop.