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Indian removal :the cherokees,jackson, and the trail of tears
Native american removal to the cherokee people essay
Summary of the second cherokee removal
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John G. Burnett, author of The Cherokee Removal Through the Eyes of a Private Soldier, explains in extreme detail about what he experienced while on duty during the forced removal of Indians from their home territory. He first begins by stating that this event was the “Most brutal order in the history of American warfare” (350). He carries on to say that Cherokees were arrested and forcibly removed from their homes. They were then loaded onto a total of 645 wagons and began the journey west. During this time, the chief of the Cherokee nation was John Ross. On this journey, they began to experience acute weather conditions such as sleet and “blinding” snow storms. At night, they often slept in the wagons or on the ground without viable sources of heat. Due to the extreme conditions, some died from complications of pneumonia, cold, and exposure. A prime example was Ross’ wife, Quatie. Mrs. Ross died while giving her source of warmth to a sickly child in need and going without. Burnett goes on to say that he witness some children suffering from the cold so he had given them his coat to stay warm. The journey to the west ended March 26, 1839 with an …show more content…
In the beginning of this speech, he talks about how the “fight” between the Indians and whites was unfair because of the weapons the whites possessed. Despite this, the Indians still believed they had a chance to defend themselves, unfortunately they were no match for the guns. What initiated this fight was the land, belonging to the Indians, that was taken with no regards to the inhabitants. He wanted to explain that Indians were of no harm to the “white society” and wanted to carry on with their own way of life. He feared that Indians will lose their culture and will become similar to whites in a negative sense. Some similarities he lists include lying and hypocrisy, adulterers, lazy, all talk, and
To many of the English colonists, any land that was granted to them in a charter by the English Crown was theirs’, with no consideration for the natives that had already owned the land. This belittlement of Indians caused great problems for the English later on, for the natives did not care about what the Crown granted the colonists for it was not theirs’ to grant in the first place. The theory of European superiority over the Native Americans caused for any differences in the way the cultures interacted, as well as amazing social unrest between the two cultures.
The rhetor for this text is Luther Standing Bear. He was born in 1868 on the Pine Ridge Reservation. He was raised as a Native American until the age on eleven when he was taken to Carlisle Indian Industrial School: an Indian boarding school. After graduating from the boarding school, he returned to his reservation and now realized the terrible conditions under which they were living. Standing Bear was then elected as chief of his tribe and it became his responsibility to induce change (Luther Standing Bear). The boarding schools, like the one he went to, were not a fair place to be. The Native American children were forced to go there and they were not taught how to live as a European American; they were taught low level jobs like how to mop and take out trash. Also, these school were very brutal with punishment and how the kids were treated. In the passage he states, “More than one tragedy has resulted when a young boy or girl has returned home again almost an utter stranger. I have seen these happenings with my own eyes and I know they can cause naught but suffering.” (Standing Bear 276). Standing Bear is fighting for the Indians to be taught by Indians. He does not want their young to lose the culture taught to them from the elders. Standing Bear also states, “The old people do not speak English and never will be English-speaking.” (Standing Bear 276). He is reinforcing the point that he believes that they
In May 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act which forced Native American tribes to move west. Some Indians left swiftly, while others were forced to to leave by the United States Army. Some were even taken away in chains. Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, strongly reinforced this act. In the Second State of the Union Address, Jackson advocated his Indian Policy. There was controversy as to whether the removal of the Native Americans was justified under the administration of President Andrew Jackson. In my personal opinion, as a Native American, the removal of the tribes was not in any way justified.
This document contains excerpts from the Journal of Occurrences on the route of a party of Cherokee emigrants by Lieutenant Edwards Deas. Deas is the commander of the Cherokees during the first forced removal in June of 1838 (p.98-99). Deas describes the Indians being brought onto the boat and says they are “somewhat crowded” (p.101). This statement makes it sound like the Indians aren’t in too terrible of a situation. One of the main aspects that Deas mentions in his journal is about the transportation of the Cherokees down the Tennessee River (p.102). Deas lists the names given to certain large rapids down the river. The rapids in the river made this experience more dangerous (p.102). Deas focuses more on the boats and transportation of the trip, rather than the condition of the Cherokee people. He mentions the diet of the people on the trip which consisted of, “flour, corn-meal and bacon,” and he briefly discusses the health of the Cherokees (p.103). The Cherokees stayed fairly healthy throughout this trip but there were a couple sicknesses. When the group got to their destination, the Cherokees were greeted with friends and acquaintances from back home. Deas thought the Cherokees looked very happy and pleased
As Americans sought to expand their settlements into Cherokee land, the Cherokee faced three choices: assimilate, leave their native land, or defend their sovereignty. The Cherokee Indians had lived on these lands of thousands of years before the colonist claimed it for the United States. Five million acres of land in Georgia was trying to be peaceably obtained from the Indians. The Cherokee Indians having already given portions of their lands in numerous Georgia treaties wanted to hold onto what little land they had left. When the Americans continued to occupy land that they believed they deserved the Cherokee Indians were left with no alternative but to try to defend their sovereignty.
With hope that they could even out an agreement with the Government during the progressive era Indian continued to practice their religious beliefs and peacefully protest while waiting for their propositions to be respected. During Roosevelt’s presidency, a tribe leader who went by as No Shirt traveled to the capital to confront them about the mistreatment government had been doing to his people. Roosevelt refused to see him but instead wrote a letter implying his philosophical theory on the approach the natives should take “if the red people would prosper, they must follow the mode of life which has made the white people so strong, and that is only right that the white people should show the red people what to do and how to live right”.1 Roosevelt continued to dismiss his policies with the Indians and encouraged them to just conform into the white’s life style. The destruction of their acres of land kept being taken over by the whites, which also meant the destruction of their cultural backgrounds. Natives attempted to strain from the white’s ideology of living, they continued to attempt with the idea of making acts with the government to protect their land however they never seemed successfully. As their land later became white’s new territory, Indians were “forced to accept an ‘agreement’” by complying to change their approach on life style.2 Oklahoma was one of last places Natives had still identity of their own, it wasn’t shortly after that they were taken over and “broken by whites”, the union at the time didn’t see the destruction of Indian tribes as a “product of broken promises but as a triumph for American civilization”.3 The anger and disrespect that Native tribes felt has yet been forgotten, white supremacy was growing during the time of their invasion and the governments corruption only aid their ego doing absolutely nothing for the Indians.
The United States government's relationship with the Native American population has been a rocky one for over 250 years. One instance of this relationship would be what is infamously known as, the Trail of Tears, a phrase describing a journey in which the Native Americans took after giving up their land from forced removal. As a part of then-President Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Act, this policy has been put into place to control the natives that were attempting to reside peacefully in their stolen homeland. In the viewpoint of the Choctaw and Cherokee natives, removal had almost ultimately altered the culture and the traditional lifestyle of these people.
The Cherokee Indians, the most cooperative and accommodating to the political institutions of the united states, suffered the worst fate of all Native Americans when voluntarily or forcibly moved west. In 1827 the Cherokees attempted to claim themselves as an independent nation within the state of Georgia. When the legislature of the state extended jurisdiction over this ‘nation,’ the Cherokees sought legal actions, not subject to Georgia laws and petitioned the United States Supreme Court. The case became known as Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia in 1831. Supreme Court Justice John Marshall denied their claim as a republic within Georgia, he then deemed the Cherokee as a ‘domestic dependent nation’. One year later through the case of Worcester vs. Georgia, the Cherokee’s were granted federal protection from the molestation by the state of Georgia. Through the Indian Removal act in 1830 President Andrew Jackson appropriated planning and funding for the removal of Native Americans, Marshall’s rulings delayed this for the Cherokee Nation, and infuriated President Jackson. Marshall’s decision had little effect on Jackson and ignoring this action the president was anxious to see him enforce it.
depicting the life of the Cherokee people; specifically the “Treaty party” and John Ross whom are most involved in the fight for territory against the white settlers, and the events leading to their fall as a Cherokee nation, written by John Ehle. Ehle explains how the Cherokee people were forced to adopt European-American ways; through hunting, education, language, religion and jobs; the Whites were eager to turn the Cherokees into more “civilized” people, and eventually leading to them taking more and more of their land and resources. Ehle examines the events leading up to the forcible removal of the Cherokee nation; examining the Georgia gold strike, the terms of the “Treaty of Echota” and the eventual forcible removal of the nation.
The removal of Indian tribes was one of the tragic times in America’s history. Native Americans endured hard times when immigrants came to the New World. Their land was stolen, people were treated poorly, tricked, harassed, bullied, and much more. The mistreatment was caused mostly by the white settlers, who wanted the Indians land. The Indians removal was pushed to benefit the settlers, which in turn, caused the Indians to be treated as less than a person and pushed off of their lands. MOREEE
...ew western home.” More than 13,000 Cherokees were forcefully moved by the American military. They traveled over 800 miles by steamboat, train cars, and mostly by walking. During this trip known as the Trail of Tears, the Cherokees suffered from starvation, exposure, disease, and hardship. “No report was made of the number of Cherokee who died as the result of the removal. It was as if the Government did not wish to preserve any information.” However, it is estimated that at least 4,000 may have died and some believe that as many as 8,000 died.
John Ross was born in Turkey town October 3rd, 1790 .John Ross was the principal of the Cherokee nation in 1827. His family moved to the base of lookout mountain,a place that later became Rossville .Georgia and his father's store learned customs of traditional Cherokees.The store served the Cherokee and allowed Ross to learn about traditionally customs.John Ross attended school in Tennessee and of married there too.The rebuild of the nation in Indian territory ,in present -day Oklahoma.
Document 5 of the Council of 1973 states that the federal government had directed U.S. troops to destroy squatters homes and other structures but the commissioners pointed to the existing crops and homes of settlers as justification for U.S. ownership of Indian land. The commissioners had said that the time had come for the Indians to sign over that land to the United States (pg 50). They see this as a go-ahead on taking and controlling the Indian’s land. Thomas Jefferson in the Second Inaugural Address states, “humanity enjoins us to teach them (Indian’s) agriculture and the domestic arts: to encourage them to that industry which alone can enable them to maintain their place in existence and liberally furnish them with the implements of husbandry and household use” (pg 56). He is trying to say that the Indian’s do not know how to survive on their own and that they need the help from the settlers on how to survive, when in reality they have already been surviving for so long without their help. He also tries to domesticate them saying that they “furnished them with the implements of husbandry and household use.” He wants Indian’s to live by the white mans mean of life and not live how they have been living for already so many years. In Andrew Jackson’s State of the Union Address, he shows similarities of wanting to domesticate and change the way the Indians live. He says,
...(Perdue 20). It gave them two years to prepare for removal. Many of the Cherokees, led by John Ross, protested this treaty. However, in the winter of 1838-1839, all of the Cherokees headed west toward Oklahoma. This removal of the Cherokees is now known, as the Trail of Tears was a very gruesome event. During the trip from the southern United States to current day Oklahoma, many of the Cherokees died. Shortly after their arrival in Oklahoma, they began to rebuild. They began tilling fields, sending their children to school, and attending Council meetings (Perdue 170).
At the time Andrew Jackson was president, there was a fast growing population and a desire for more land. Because of this, expansion was inevitable. To the west, many native Indian tribes were settled. Andrew Jackson spent a good deal of his presidency dealing with the removal of the Indians in western land. Throughout the 1800’s, westward expansion harmed the natives, was an invasion of their land, which led to war and tension between the natives and America, specifically the Cherokee Nation.