Iraq is one of the most affected countries in the Middle East concerning the occurrences of sand and dust storms. The frequency of the occurrence has increased drastically in the last decade and it is increasing continuously. The events of sand and dust storms are either regional or local. Besides there are other environmental changes that have effects on Iraq’s climate such as drying of the marshes, afforestation, and desertification. First of all, one climate’s change is due to the drying of the marshes in Iraq. The marshes is a wetland area located in southern Iraq. Today, less than 10% of the original marsh remains. While some of the marsh declines can be traced to dams built upstream in Turkey, Syria and Iran, the decline accelerated dramatically in the early 1990s.Due to a massive drainage project. Lately, the past government shut all of the dams on the waterways, bringing on desertification of the area. There is an absence of Horticulture and Fisheries in the Iraq district. For this situation, the administration must open the dams to water all the area and dispose of desertification. …show more content…
The green belt works as a source of the desert sands sweeping the cities and agricultural lands, as well as working to reduce the scorching desert wind around cities. The green belt consists of several green bumpers of eucalyptus and willow trees and drought-tolerant and salinity of the land. Those fenders are grown in heterozygous and nested in the form of rows in the desert wind gusts areas around cities. To alleviate the negative effects harmful to the environment and the
The Sahara desert affected the development of North Africa. The Sahara’s large temperature range and small supply of water can make the region difficult to thrive upon. However, it is not impossible. As stated in document 2, temperatures can reach up to 120 degrees fahrenheit and supplies of water are scant. Journeying through the Sahara was very difficult until the camel was introduced for travel. As stated in document 2, the camel could travel long distances
After 9/11, the United States has never been the same. The more time passes and the more 9/11 becomes history, the less it is focused on as a whole. Only the impacts 9/11 left on the political and military structure remain. The military, however, took the brunt of 9/11. The amount of changes we have made to our military budget and tactics are astronomical. However, the way our politicians work and campaign has changed as well. Most politician’s policies now focus on stopping terrorism, or dealing with it better than the other candidate could.
Sixty-three percent of Iraq’s population is Shia Muslim, thirty-three percent is Sunni Muslim (Lunde, 2002). For the past five centuries the minority, Sunni Muslims, have held political power in Iraq. It was not until recently that the majority, the Shia Muslims, was able to experience political power. The tensions between Sunni and Shia in Iraq are not due to religious differences formed after Muhammad’s death 1,382 years ago and are not inevitable, as proven by the relationships between Sunni and Shia in other countries and in the past (Shuster, 2011). The state of unrest surrounding the Sunni and Shia Muslims of Iraq is due to politics, power, and privilege, caused by the change of attitude in Islamic leaders in government and the discrimination of the Shia by the Sunni minority. This has been partly due to the fact that early in their history Shias were not the majority and therefore lost political power. This unbalance and the differences between the two sects are most unstable and evident during times of political unrest (Hunter, n.d).
In this paper, I intend to analyze Iraq war of 2003 from Realist and Marxist/ Critical perspectives. I intend to draw a conclusion as to which theoretical framework, in my opinion, is more suitable and provides for a rational understanding of the Iraq War. While drawing comparative analysis of two competing approaches, I do not intend to dismiss one theory in entirety in favour of another. However, I do intend to weigh on a golden balance, lacunas of both theories in order to conclude as to which theory in the end provides or intends to provide a watertight analysis of the Iraq war.
1. Arabic-Media.com (Arabic Media) Site 1997-2011, http://arabic-media.com/iraq_history.htm 2. CRS Report for Congress, 17 February, 1998, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/98-129.pdf
In the instance of the invasion of Iraq, planning would not follow the precedent of doctrine but rather embark on a path where the joint force would approach the operation with cogent ways (concepts) and means (resources) with risk towards desired ends (objectives) to ensure victory. Analyzing U.S. military campaign planning for Operation IRAQI FREEDOM using operational design as an evaluative framework shows the depth and breadth of the success and shortfalls in the planning process. From the interpretation of the pre-invasion guidance and problems to the initial operational approach, how planners assessed the campaign and redefined the approach over time and finally and how current joint planning policy incorporates lessons from Operation
Water shortage in arid and semi-arid regions and declining its availability to a crisis ...
This paper introduces the environmental concerns of the loss of coastal wetlands. The paper will discuss the significance of wetlands and the devastation that is occurring because of human activity. Wetlands are an essential element of our environment both ecological and societal; conservation will be essential for the preservation of these precious ecosystems.
Iraq’s history is one of both prosperity and violence, and dates back to the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia. While dominated by a variety of civilizations, the region enjoyed a relatively stable society. Since the birth of Islam, the religion has been the dominant cultural belief of the region, and has made its way into the laws and ruling of the region. (InDepth Info, 2010)
Shehzad, B. (2012). International Environment, Room 013, Block 16, Middlesex University Dubai. (5th April, 2012)
Lack of rainfall is affecting the growth of trees, the amount of water received by the city of Perth, and the number of wildfires. The Jarrah karri region of Australia is drying out due to global warming. The rainfall has decreased around 15-20 percent since 1970 (Wardell-Johnson). Because of this, Bunbury says that the Jarrah karri region is a good example “for understanding what climate change impacts may mean in the future.” Many other areas in the world have a Mediterranean climate similar to the Jarrah forests and so by understanding what is happening to the Jarrah forests, researchers hope to change the future of other Mediterranean areas (Bunbury). One of the reasons that this part of Australia is suffering so much is that it has been in a “human-triggered climate
Before we can make these connections between technology and the climate of Iraq, we must look at what makes this climate unique from others around the world. Iraq’s climate is classified as sub-desert and this gives the region two distinct seasons. First, the summers (May-October) in Iraq are hot, with temperatures often exceeding 120° F.1 Another important characteristic of the sub-desert summers is the lack of rainfall, since summer precipitation rarely climbs above one inch. On the contrary, the winter season normally has up to 10 inches of rainfall and milder, often cold temperatures. Those 10 inches of rain come in strong storms that can often lead to floods since the land is not prepared for large amounts of precipitation.2 Winter temperatures sometimes even drop to around freezing and frosts are not uncommon. Both of these distinct seasons have caused technological developments over the past 7000 years.
The Aral sea used to be the forth largest inland body of water. It had a fishing industry that employed 60,000 people and it attracted thousands of tourists. Today the Aral Sea is biologically dead and has shrunk by approximately 75-80% in volume and 50-60% in area. (See Attachment 1. The chronology of the desiccation of the Aral Sea). Fishing towns such as Muinak are now 60 kilometers inland. Approximately 75 million tons per year of toxic salt from the exposed seabed are blown over thousands of kilometers of inhabited land increasing the already high level of salinity and worsening the environmental situation.
Have you ever experienced water shortage? Have you ever paid to access public areas? Have you ever seen a brown river? Welcome to Lebanon. “Thousands have lived without love, none without water” (Auden, 1940). The genuine predicament lies in the mismanagement of the water resources, not in the amount of available water in Lebanon. As the international population is growing, the need for water is increasing at the same rate. Therefore, it is essential to manage the remaining resources rationally for the better of the international community. The epidemic of neglecting the eminence of water in Lebanon is best illustrated when it comes to water pollution, lack of water conservation methods, and unjust beach dredging. On the other hand, this significant issue could be resolved by the collaborative efforts of the Lebanese society and authority.
Global warming is one of the main causes, which leads to the lack of water and drought. A drought-like condition exists in most of India’s part. Government of India states that 68% of the country is disposed to the drought, which (consequences are) leads to massive migration of people to more favorable places, famine, conflicts among inhabitants. India is known in the world as one of the biggest producers of water-intensive crops such as rice, sugarcane and wheat. According to a survey done by Grail Research, approximately 82% of total water is used for agricultural consumption and 90% of it is employed for irrigation of rice, wheat and sugarcane (Grail Research, LLC, 2009). There are several solutions which could lead to the decr...