Overview of Country The Republic of Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa, bordered by Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Niger to the west Cameroon and Nigeria to the Southwest and Libya to the north. In terms of geography, Chad is divided into multiple regions: a desert like zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the center and fertile Savanna zone in the South. Under the leadership of François Tombalbaye, Chad obtained independence in 1960. However, because the country is composed of more than 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups, the more Muslim north resented Tombalbaye policies and took over. After multiple internal conflicts in between the rebels themselves, Idriss Deby, the current president has been leading the country to more prosperous times. However, while major oil reserves and cotton plantations have created new revenue, Chad is still one of the poorest and most corrupt nations in the world. And to add to Chad’s own problems, South Sudan’s current conflicts with Sudan and its own ethnic groups who accuse the government of border lining them has spilled into the surrounding regions. Chad has been swarmed with hundreds of thousands of refugees and the conflicts pose a great threat to the stable political system in our country. We’ve already observed many of the surrounding states see revolts and uprisings from the different ethnicities not only against their respective governments but also inter-ethnically. B. i. Overview of Topic The Republic of South Sudan is a landlocked country in northeast Africa. After multiple internal conflicts in Sudan, it gained its independence in 2011 following a referendum in the region controlled by the Autonomous Government of Southern Sud... ... middle of paper ... .... Chad is now faced with tens of thousands of refugees spilling out from multiple other countries. We already had over 70 thousand come from the Central African Republic and this new surge of 30 thousand Sudanese refugees now brought the total to 348 thousand. The government of Chad does not have the money to take care of over 12 different refugee camps and now has to let the UN and other external governmental organizations use our territory. We will continue to hold onto our open door policy and grant the refugees with our national health and education systems when it comes to this matter but would like to reiterate the danger these conflicts pose to our stable political situation. Chad fully endorses President Kiir’s current government and is willing to do anything to achieve a stable situation where all the ethnic groups and government officials coexist in peace.
Both 1984 and The Handmaid’s Tale are dystopian novels, however, these books are a lot more complex than mere portrayals of dystopia, it can be argued that they are explorations of dystopia rather than mere portrayals. In order to explore dystopia, many themes must be considered, such as; feminism, love and repression. Nonetheless, it is apparent that human characteristics are the driving point of the two novels, predominantly, the depiction of human resilience. In an imperfect world, it is important to have certain qualities which, if plentiful, it can mean success, whereas if it lacks, it can mean failure, this characteristic is resilience. The protagonists in each novel, Winston in 1984 and Offred in The Handmaid’s Tale face situations which leave them both in disarray, and both even consider suicide. The authors tentatively highlight human resilience, its limits and most importantly its strengths into the two novels.
As the newest member of the United Nations, South Sudan receives military assistance from 55 countries and police assistance from 39 countries (UN, 2014). Despite the perception of the proper steps towards long-term success, South Sudan has great potential to destabilize the entire region. This perception is based largely on the success of its economy and its ability to provide security and governance to its citizens. We will examine the potential South Sudan has to destabilize North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Central Africa, and South Africa if South Sudan becomes a failed state.
The World Bank’s involvement in the Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline project was originally intended to make sure that Chad’s oil money was being returned to the civilians and ensure that the pipeline was being constructed in an ecologically friendly way (Horta, Nguiffo, & Djiraibe, n.d.). In 2000, the World Bank stated that the project’s success "will be measured by poverty reduction rather than by barrels of oil produced or millions of dollars received by Chad for oil exports,” (Horta, Nguiffo, & Djiraibe, n.d.). Contrarily to what the public was assured, the civilians have not been helped by the pipeline but have in fact been hurt. The already astonishingly low life expectancy of individuals in Chad has dropped an average of 1.1 years within the
In spite of various failed attempts of secession in many African countries, Eritrea and South Sudan were successful in getting independence, with international and regional actors’ recognition. But the question remains whether these countries are on the right track to address the main challenges that emerge in the aftermath of secession, in the process of peacebuilding and state building in particular with issues of human rights, political stability and development for their people who voted for secession during referendums.
After the withdraw of Egypt and Britain, Sudan has been run by a number rickety / unstable government groups and milit...
The Hunger Games was a critically acclaimed movie when it came out; however, some critics would argue that the movie can be sometimes too violent for its intended audience. In this essay I would dissert Brian Bethune’s essay “Dystopia Now” in order to find its weaknesses and compare the movie Battle Royale with his essay.
Early 2011 uprisings swept across the Middle East and North Africa, and many rebellions are still going on today. The Arab region has seen revolts and conflict since the 1800‘s, but only recently have these revolts been redirected to the problems of Arab society (Ghannam, J. 2011 pg 4-5)The Arab Spring Uprising was first sparked in Tunisia and eventually struck Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Yemen and then spread to other countries. Citizens throughout these countries were dissatisfied with the rule of their local governments. Issues like human rights violations, political corruption, economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, dictators...
“‘They score! Henderson has scored for Canada!’” Foster Hewitt wordlessly described” (Pelletier) when Paul Henderson scored the series-winning goal. This allowed Canada to win the 1972 Summit Series, a moment that no one would ever forget since it all happened during the climax of the Cold War. Prior to this, the Soviets had won the previous three Olympic gold metals since Canada could not use its NHL players. Thus, this provided Canada with the chance to play hockey against the USSR using its best players. This raised the question: if Canada were able to send its best players, would it still be enough to beat the Soviets? Everyone in Canada was certain that the Soviets would not win a single game, but little did they know they underestimated the extent of the Soviets abilities. Tied in the last few minutes of game eight, Canada had to score or they would lose the series. However, when Paul Henderson scored the game-winning goal, never before had a single sporting event meant so much to Canadians. Therefore, Paul Henderson’s goal is a defining moment for Canada in the twentieth century becauseit provided Canada with the opportunity to evolve hockey, proved that Canada and our democratic society were superior to the USSR and their communist society, and brought citizens together to unify Canada as a nation.
"Statement of Southern Sudan Government Mission on Referendum (2011)." World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 17 Apr. 2011.
Throughout Northern and Central Africa ethnic fighting and mass genocide has run rampant. Clashes between, diverse ethnic and cultural people has caused instability, these mass humanitarian disasters that can no longer be ignored. With the help of other nations South Sudan can go from another mass genocide waiting to happen, to a region supplier of much needed resources, with the help of other nations. In the 1990’s Rwanda genocide was basically ignored by the United States government and because of this hundreds of thousands were either killed or injured in the area. In the early 2000’s the war in Darfur, created a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. Again thousands of Africans were killed and the United States government and the American people ignored genocide.
Tadesse, Debay. Post-independence South Sudan: the challenges ahead. ISPI-ISTITUTO PER GU STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE. February 2012.no.46.
...n 1999, Bashir suspended Turabi’s position and the country became less Islamic. On October 16, 1993, Bashir overthrew the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission in a coup and established himself as president. He won reelection in 2000 and again in 2010. In 2005, Bashir gave the south limited autonomy for six years. After the autonomy expired, the country would take a vote on South Sudan becoming independent. This decision ended the Second Sudanese Civil War in 2006, which killed over twenty million people and lasted over thirty years, however fighting between Sudan and South Sudan still happened at the borders. Oil from South Sudan was shared equally until South Sudan's independence to which South Sudan gained all of the profit off of the oil. However, since all of the refineries were located in Sudan, South Sudan had to pay a fee if they want to produce oil.
Since its independence from the United Kingdom and Egypt, the country of Sudan has always been in constant ethnic and rebel conflicts. Ironically, the conflicts that Sudan engaged in can be found inside its territories instead of its neighboring countries. The dangerous situation of the country created many Sudanese refugees in the process. Out of fear of being slaughtered, raped and enslaved, many fled to neighboring states of Eritrea, Chad, Ethiopia, Uganda and Cent...
The newest country in the world is South Sudan, which gained its independence from Sudan on July 9, 2011, as a result of a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote. South Sudan is one of the poorest countries in Africa, although it has the third largest oil reserves in Sub-Saharan Africa. Though it is currently a sovereign state, South Sudan still faces issues that can disrupt its stability and eventually lead into the new nation’s first civil war.
South Sudan’s battle for independence stems back from the era of British Imperialism. Fighting to remain and gain their independence since the late 1800’s, Sudan finally became fully independent in 1956, freeing itself from combined Egyptian-British rule. A poorly assembled constitution began the long history of violence that continues to define Sudan and South Sudan today. The constitution ignored several essential issues that divided the country. The first issue being the state religion; whether Sudan would be and Islamic state or if it would remain secular. With the northern part of Sudan being comprised mostly of Muslims and the south being predominantly Christians and animists, this division quickly erupted into the first of 2 major civil wars. Between 1955 and 1972, southern fighters, called the Anya Nya, clashed with the mostly the Arab-led government over southern autonomy. Gaining control over a large portion of southern Sudan by 1960 and merging forces with the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement by 1971, the government of Sudan and the SSLM signed the Addis Ababa Agreement, giving southern Sudan greatly increased autonomy. The agreement also said that the Abyei region, which is on the boarder of the north and south, was allowed to vote which region it would be a part of.