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Canada before and after confederation
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The confederation of Canada, a process which took over a century long, with many notable events and people who were involved in forming what we know as Canada today. The confederation all started in 1763, with The Royal Proclamation. Britain decided that pacifying First nation was the best alternative to a costlier war. This proclamation created a boundary between the First Nations and the British Colonies. In the next 50 years or so, the Quebec Act, which revoked the Royal Proclamation, and Treaty of Paris, which recognized British North America to independently exist, and the Constitutional Act, happened. Although these were major events in Canada’s history, The War of 1812, was one of the most notable events that lead to Canada’s Confederation. …show more content…
The threat from the American Civil war helped. The delegates all agreed that Canada would stay under the British constitution, but to also have their own federal government, provincial government, and a central government, which will take care of the country, provinces, and cities respectively. The pressure from the American’s threat sped up the process of Canada’s confederation, for everyone knew that British North America would be in less risk as a country, rather than small colonies, and separate provinces. The London conference was then held, where the delegated from Canada West, Canada East, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick discussed the final details to present their constitution. Their ideas would eventually turn into the British North America Act. The thought of confederation was a trendy topic in the colonies, but the British North America Act was quietly passed in the house of commons. Queen Victoria singed the Act secretively on March 29, 1867, and stated that it would be affective on July 1, 1867. The new nation was given the name “Dominion of Canada” and it consisted of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New
The British North America Act of 1867, formed a stronger federal government and lacking the power of provincial governments (Historica). During the period, federal government was only kept the peace, order and good government of Canada, and balance responsibilities were set to provinces such as hospitals, schools, charities, municipalities, shops, taverns, transportation within a province, onshore natural resources, and property and civil rights (Toronto).
The period between the wars brought: Culmination of Canada's growth to independent nationhood within the British Commonwealth. Prime Minister Borden - Included in the Imperial War Cabinet in London. He piloted- the dominions "should be recognized as autonomous nations of an imperial commonwealth." At the end of 1919 the Canadian government acquired
The thirteen American colonies were under the British control until they declared their independence from British in 1776. A year after the declaration of independence, the continental congress established the Article Of Confederation, which was the first constitution in the United States. According to manythings.org, “During that war, the colonies were united by an agreement called the Articles of Confederation”. It was later ratified in 1781, but it had many negatives because it was very weak. According to manythings.org, the Articles Of Confederation did not: organize a central government, create courts or decide laws, nor provide an executive to carry out the laws, and all it did was just create a Congress. This congress was very useless
To begin, Canada became an independent nation on paper through two very important papers. The first paper was the Balfour Report at the imperial Conference of 1926, which stated that Britain's dominions were independent communities from Britain. This was the first step to the official declaration of Canada's independence. The second paper was the Statue of Westminster, the Act signed in the Britain that declared the Balfour Report law. This caused the establishing of The Commonwealth of Independent States. These two papers are of great importance in the formal creation of Canada as an autonomous state from Britain.
The history of Canada was flooded with many influential and incredible events, particularly during World War 1 and World War 2. During the 20th century, Canada got more involved in worldwide events. It was a very important period for Canada; it was where they gained their independence and progressed as a country. After this century, Canada was considered an important and powerful country. The three main 20th century events in Canadian history are the battle of Vimy Ridge, the change of woman’s rights and the battle of Juno Beach.
In the beginning, Canada was not a united country. It was split into four, Canada West, Canada East, and Lower Canada, Upper Canada. The were numerous advantages and several disadvantages of the Canadian confederation. Some advantages were more beneficial to some parts of Canada. The railway is one of the benefit
Confederation was a huge change for Canada in 1867. It made a huge influence on the world we live in. Our country faced many ups and downs along the way, while trying to create the best life for its citizens. For this, the country would have come together and accept each other. Today I’ll be telling you about how I believe Confederation was not successful at unifying Canada.
The Dominion of Canada was not born out of nationalism or revolution.Prior to Canada’s Confederation, the Fathers of Confederation had numerous conferences and negotiations before officiating the independence of Canada. The first step to a build a nation was for all the British North American colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada to unite together as one nation in order to fulfill the dream of becoming a country. In this assignment, you will come across the three main conferences which were located in Charlottetown, Quebec and London that caused the birth of Canada’s nation.
Which led to the Constitutional Act of 1791 where Quebec was divided into two parts; Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Due to the Loyalists their were many changes, like creations of new colonies like Upper Canada, which are now Canadian provinces. Furthermore, because of the large amount of english speaking settlers, they established a bilingual identity for Canada. The constitutional act stated that each province could elect an assembly, raise taxes, and pass laws. Each colony also had its own governor and an appointed council to advise the governor. The constitutional act was a total success. To conclude the Loyalists had a big impact in the making of Lower canada and Upper
The British North America Act went into effect July 1st, 1867 creating a union known as the Dominion of Canada, but this did not complete the debate on the Confederation issue. Many Nova Scotians continued their opposition to the idea and it would take considerable time before all Nova Scotians would accept the fact of Confederation. “These Nova Scotians, disgruntled at their treatment by Great Britain, found that their loyalty had markedly diminished. The more they considered taking over the responsibility for their own affairs from England, however, the greater trust they had to place in Confederation.”25 Confederation struck a balance between the rights of English and French speaking Canadians. Nevertheless, many divisions, conflicts, and debates would occur not only in Quebec but also in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick over this balance. Economic disparities between the Maritimes and the rest of Canada would also create many problems for the years following 1867. As a result, Confederation can be viewed as a beginning and not an end.
In today’s Canada our most important political issue is do we really need the Governor General? The role of the Governor General was introduced in 1867 which was when the Governor General got mandated by The BNA act and then again 80 years later in the letters patent by King George VI. Some of the roles of the Governor General of Canada are to perform the monarch's federal constitutional duties on their behalf and another role of the Governor General is to be the last one to sign off the bills to make it into a law. Now in recent years many canadians are questioning the Canada’s Governor General’s role in our democratic Country.
The Confederation act of 1867 without question has had a major influence on the status of contemporary Canada. It has helped shape Canada into one of the worlds most politically and economically powerful countries; a country that is strong, independent, and united. There was a series of events which led to the confederation of Canada, some which are more significant than others. However, I believe that despite the significance of events such as the British encouragement of uniting its North American colonies, the central and key reason for confederation was the fear of potential American (Yankee) inhabitance (whether by persuasion or invasion) of the divided and vast British North American colonies, and the way that the “Fathers of Confederation” were able to take advantage of this situation and persuade reluctant colonies to join Confederation. A strong and united nation could not be easily invaded or bought. These essential factors will be discussed in the paragraphs to come.
A century ago, Canada was under control by the British Empire. The battles we fought the treaties we signed and the disputes we solved all helped us gain independence from our mother country “Britain”. Canadians fought a long battle protecting others, and from these battles we gained our peaceful reputation and our independence from Britain. Canada became a nation on July, 1st 1867. Although we were an independent country, our affairs and treaties were all still signed by Britain.
When Bono stated that “The world needs more Canada”, he was referring to increased need for Canadian identity. Identity is defined as the condition of being oneself or itself, and not another. As individuals, we show our identity through name, attire, or belief. Canadian identity was often labelled as a popular discussion among social scientists and historians, due to the inability to procure a time when Canadian identity prospered. Canadian identity is often easily distinguishable from others, due to its flag and historical achievement. This is because, it was the time when Canada established its independence and assembled formidable achievements. In other words, more Canada, equals a better world.
Since federalism was introduced as an aspect of Canadian political identity, the country has undergone multiple changes as to how federalism works; in other words, over the decades the federal and provincial governments have not always acted in the same way as they do now. Canada, for example, once experienced quasi-federalism, where the provinces are made subordinate to Ottawa. Currently we are in an era of what has been coined “collaborative federalism”. Essentially, as the title would suggest, it implies that the federal and provincial levels of government work together more closely to enact and make policy changes. Unfortunately, this era of collaborative federalism may be ending sooner rather than later – in the past couple decades, the federal and provincial governments have been known to squabble over any and all policy changes in sectors such as health, the environment and fiscal issues. Generally, one would assume that in a regime employing collaborative federalism there would be a certain amount of collaboration. Lately, it seems as though the only time policy changes can take place the federal government is needed to work unilaterally. One area in which collaborative federalism has been nonexistent and unilateral federalism has prevailed and positively affected policy changes is in the Post-Secondary Education (PSE) sector.