British industrialization was concentrated in those areas which
had experienced prior proto-industrialisation. Therefore proto-industry
was necessary for factory industry---discuss.
British industrialization was concentrated in those areas which had
experienced prior proto-industrialisation. Therefore proto-industry
was necessary for factory industry---discuss.
One model, proposed by Mendels, was that proto-industry was
responsible for the rapid expansion in population, in what he called
demo-economic systems. This was mainly on the basis that rural
peasants required a labour force to produce output, and by increasing
fertility, they were able to breed one. Despite this, Medick suggested
that the reason for increased fertility was earlier marriage, as the
previous relationship between agriculturally inherited land and
marriage, had been removed by the growth of industries. Levine cited
that this population growth was vital, as it created an industrial
proletariat, which led to further expansion in rural domestic
industries. It was a self-sustaining proto-industrial spiral, that
generated the labour, capital, entrepreneurship, commercial
agriculture and supra-regional markets required for factory
industrialisation. Ogilvie and Coleman reject this, claiming that
there was no evidence that it was proto-industrialization which led to
the development of commercial agriculture, rather than agricultural
surpluses which led to the growth of both proto-industries and towns
and cities. Empirical case-studies of proto-industrial regions all
overeurope were adduced to show that not all proto-industrial regions
had a higher fertility rate, faster demographic growth, lower ages of
marriage, or a breakdown in the family and gender division of labour.
ItÂ’s unclear that proto-industry provide cheap labour, as in
1760s-1820s, wage rate slowly increased, and the rate of
industrialisation and income growth were also very slow.
Further suggested reasons by Deyon and Mendels that profits and
capital created by proto-industry was one these developments and it
was suggested that they would then be re-invested into industrial
revolution production. However, evidence suggests that this was just
one of many sources of capital, and it should not be singled out for
any great importance. Moreover, proto-industry profits and capital
often were ...
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the development of proto-industry. There is also limited evidence of
the transition from Kaufsystem to Verlagsystem, as many small rural
peasants, continued to produce on a small scale. Furthermore, Ogilvie
and Cerman declare that at no time did a major landless
proletarianized workforce dependent on industrial capital arises.
Clarkson and Snell also claimed that commercial agriculture developed
in many cases earlier than proto-industry, and not always in
neighbouring regions. In many proto-industry regions these mechanisms
even moved back to agriculture.
Evidence would appear to suggest that proto-industry was not a key
aspect of the industrial revolution, but rather reflected the changes
in economics and society at the time, namely, growing populations,
emerging industries, entrepreneurial activities and the
commercialisation of trade. It appears that by no means should
proto-industrialisation be isolated as a key in factor in the
development of the industrial revolution, in the way that Mendels had
outlined, but it should be considered and discussed as one of the many
economic changes taking place, that was eventually to lead to the
industrial revolution.
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America had a huge industrial revolution in the late 1800”s. Many changes happened to our great nation, which factored into this. The evidence clearly shows that advancements in new technology, a large wave of immigrants into our country and new views of our government, helped to promote America’s huge industrial growth from the period of 1860-1900.
Upon reading “Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs Against Japan” by J. Samuel Walker, a reader will have a clear understanding of both sides of the controversy surrounding Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The controversy remains of whether or not atomic bombs should have been used during the war. After studying this text, it is clear that the first atomic bomb, which was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, was a necessary military tactic on ending the war. The second bomb, which was dropped on Nagasaki, however, was an unnecessary measure in ensuring a surrender from the Japanese, and was only used to seek revenge.
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In 1700, small farms covered England’s territory. Wealthy landowners started to buy the land that the village farmers had once worked on. These landowners improved the farming methods they were used to which soon led to an agricultural revolution. After buying up most of the land of the village farmers, their increase of landholdings enabled them to cultivate more crops on larger fields. Enclosures were inside of these larger fields. Enclosures were the areas that landowners could experiment with more productive harvesting methods and seeding in order to determine if these experiments boosted crop yield. The Enclosure movement had two important results. First, landowners tried new agricultural methods. Second, large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities. Jethro Tull was one of the first scientific farmers. He created an invention that dug deep seed sized holes, which helped more seeds take root and boosted crop yields. He made this in 1701 and called it the Seed Drill. Why did the industrial Revolution begin England, and what inventions spurred industrialization?
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J. J. Arnett argues his theory about a developmental stage individuals go through of 18-25 year olds as a new concept, (Arnett, 2000, pp. 469). He describes emerging adulthood as being a sustained period of time where this age group, as mentioned previously, explores their roles preceding being an adult. These movements can include events similarly by taking longer than previous years to get married and have children, moving back in with their parents at a point during this age span, exploring self-identities, not feeling like an adult and feelings of self-failure. James E. Cote, who is a previous colleague of Arnett argues the opposite about this concept being an unexperienced developmental stage Arnett calls, “Emerging Adulthood”. Cote states
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