Bones are the most essential parts in our bodies. As babies, our bones are nothing more that soft bones on the journey to become strong and healthy bones. Bones help protect our most vital organs (heart, lungs, intestines, etc.), produce white and red blood cells, supports our body, and stores minerals such as calcium to maintain strong bones. As adults we should have about 206 bones in the whole skeleton. Throughout our lifetime our bones become weaker due to aging or physical injuries. Without bones the body would be unstable and collapse. Eventually the body will shut down because red blood cells would not be produced to keep the body running.
Bones are composed of two different kinds of tissues, such as cortical (compact bone and trabecular (cancellous) bone. Cortical (compact) bone is the hard outer layer shaped like a cylinder with thousands of tiny passageways for nerve cells and blood vessels to carry oxygen into the bone itself. The cortical is the strongest bone that supports our body weight, and is made up of calcium and minerals. Without the cortical bone the trabecular bone, nerves, and blood vessels will be left vulnerable to injury. Also, the cortical bone provides stability and support for the human body. Inside the cortical bone the trabecular bone is what fills in the interior of the bone with a spongy texture, which is why another name for the trabecular bone is the “spongy bone”. Like the cortical bone the trabecular bone is made of calcium too; however the calcium in the trabecular bone is softer and more delicate than the cortical bone. The trabecular bone provides protection to the bone marrow where the red blood cells are present.
Looking deeper inside the trabecular bone you would come acr...
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...of being a woman menopause does not make the issue any better. During menopause estrogen levels decrease, and this causes osteoclasts to outpace the osteoblasts resulting in loss of bone mass. However there are many ways to prevent osteoporosis.
Physical activity has always been seen as way to maintain a healthy lifestyle as well as preventing many diseases such as osteoporosis. Some people may think that exercise damages your bones instead of helping them, but in fact study shows that women who did a combination of different types of exercises had on average 3.2% less bone loss than women who did not exercise (something library cite). In addition to people who do exercises higher levels of leisure time, sport activity, and household chores and fewer hours of sitting daily were associated with a significantly reduced relative risk for hip fracture (Feskanich, 2002)
However some of the basic bone functions include storing of crucial nutrients, minerals and lipids, producing red blood cells for the body, protect the organs such as heart, ribs and the brain, aide in movement and also to act as a buffer for pH. With the differences in all of the bones there are four things that remain the same in each bone, their cells. Bones are made up of four different cells; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells. Osteoblasts produce and secrete matrix proteins and then transport the minerals into the matrix. Osteoclasts are responsible for the breaking down of tissue. The osteoblasts and osteoclasts are both responsible for remodeling and rebuilding of bones as we grow and age. The production of osteoclasts for resorption is initiated by the hormone, the parathyroid hormone. Osteocytes are the mature versions of osteoblasts because they are trapped in the bone matrix they produced. The osteocytes that are trapped continue making bone to help with strength and the health of the bone matrix. The bone lining cells are found in the inactive bone surfaces which are typically found in
Bones of the skeletal system serve as storage compartments for vital minerals like phosphorus and calcium. Excessive calcium in the blood is stored in bones. Calcium is released from the bones into the blood when there are deficient amounts of it in the blood.
Pate et al. (1995) stated that physical activity is needed for health promotion and disease prevention. They also stated that every adult should do at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise everyday if possible. Moderate intensity exercising includes activities such as brisk walking and cycling as stated by the Department of Health (2011). They also state that regular physical activity will improve a person’s mental health as it will increase self esteem and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Physical wellbeing is also enhanced by an increase in physical activity. The World Health Organisation (WHO) (2002) found that in developed countries 20% of heart disease and 10% of strokes are due to physical inactivity. Furthermore a lack of physical activity is found to cause 3% of all diseases.
The axial skeleton is part of the skeleton where there is bones at the top and bottom of a vertebrate. The human skeleton has 80 bones and is made of 6 parts. The axial skeleton has 2 responsibilities. The first is to support and defend the organs in the dorsal and ventral cavities. The second is to make a surface for the muscles.
Although Osteoporosis cannot be cured, treatments to prevent Osteoporosis, such as exercising, may be taken into huge consideration. “Exercise during the age when bone growth is occurring increases bone
Osteoporosis is a serious disease that leads to a faster than normal loss of the bone density, which puts the bone at a higher risk for fractures. In order to understand the causes of Osteoporosis, it is important to understand how bones are formed. Bone is a living tissue that is made mainly of collagen, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. The mixture of collagen and calcium gives the bone strength and flexibility. The body deposits new bones and removes old ones; moreover, there are two types of bone cells that control the reproduction of bones. Cells called osteoclasts breakdown bone tissues thus, damaging the bone. Once the damaged bone is removed, cells called osteoblasts, use minerals including calcium and phosphate from the blood stream to make new healthy bone tissues. In order for osteoblasts and osteoclasts to work properly, hormones such us thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, and growth hormones are
The skeletal provides functions such as support, protection, and movement. The skeletal system provides a framework that supports the body with muscles attached to them acting as levers allowing for movement. As bones are very rigid they provide support for vital organs such as the heart, lungs and brain. A physiological function of the skeletal system is the production of stem cells through red bone marrow found in the proximal epiphysis (the ends) which can become lymphocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets).
The skeletal system is made of all the bones, connective tissues and joints in the body. Bones, cartilage are some of the bones that make up the Skeletal system. The Skeletal system helps perform important everyday functions, for example; support, movement and protection, etc. The skeletal system helps form blood cells. The skeletal system helps store calcium and phosphorus, which is important and beneficial to the other functions in the body.
The food we consume everyday has a vitamin and the mineral that our body can store and can store directly into our bones. In a bone, there is a space within the shaft and that’s where the most of the vitamins are stored in. “Bone is a reservoir for minerals, most importantly calcium and phosphate” (Marieb 176). The minerals that are stored will released into the bloodstream to distribute to the parts of all body. Blood cell formation occurs in the marrow cavities in certain bones (176). There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow, which consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue and yellow marrow which consists of fat cells. Red marrow, Hematopoietic tissue is found in the trabecular cavities of the spongy bone. Red marrows are typically found in the long bones and in the flat bones of spongy bones. At birth, all bone marrows are red and as we age over the years, more and more of its red marrow converted to yellow type. The blood cell production in typical adult bone happens in the head of the femur and humerus because the “fat containing medullary cavity extends into epiphysis and not much red marrow is present in the spongy bone cavities” (179). When osteoclasts break down the bone, tis mineral components like calcium and phosphorus will be sent back into the blood
Bone homeostasis is the process of regulating calcium, this is important as the calcium which is found in bones needs to be able to leave the bones and go to other parts of the body where some functions such as muscle contraction or metabolic process or membranes occurs, if the calcium cannot get to these areas there can be problems which arise.
A broken bone is one of the worst and most painful injuries you can suffer. Broken bones can be caused by many different things such as falling on it or even a hard-twisting motion. Bones can be easily viewed as a solid, non-working part of our body where tissue just sits, but your skeletal system is as much a living part as your organs. Your body stores minerals in the compact bone, and stores fat in the yellow marrow. Your bone also has the ability to produce red blood cells in the inner part, the red marrow. Your bones can do many great things, including healing themselves. The process of healing themselves is complex and can take a lengthy period of time.
Although your teeth are also considered part of your skeletal system, they are not counted as bones. Your teeth consist of enamel and dentin. Enamel is the strongest substance in your body. The main priority of the skeletal system is to provide support for the body. Without bones our body would be in a pile of guts and mush on the floor. Your skeleton furthermore assists to protect your internal organs and fragile body tissues. The brain, eyes, heart, lungs and spinal cord are all sheltered by your
The skeletal system is composed of two hundred and six bones in the human body. Functions such as the tendons, cartilage, and ligaments connect the bones and tissues together. Bone tissues make up about 18% of the weight of the human body. There are two types of tissue inside the bones. They consist of; compact bone and spongy bone. First, compact bone depicts the main shaft of long bones in the human body such as the arms and legs. Its tissue is dense and hard and it also makes up the outer layer of most bones in our body. Meanwhile, spongy bone tissue is made up of smaller plates occupied with red bone marrow. Mostly, it is found at the ends of long bones such as the head of the femur.
In addition to helping to control your weight, research shows that regular physical activity can reduce your risk for several diseases and conditions and improve your overall quality of life.
The Skeletal System, also known as the Skeleton make up a framework that support the body and protect the organs. The Skeleton consists of the bones and joints of the body. In the human body there is 300 bones at birth, these then fuse together to make 206 bones in a fully grown adult. The Skeleton is made up of two divisions: The axial and appendicular Skeleton.