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The art of benin
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Benin is a small country on the west coast of Africa. In pre-colonial times, Benin was home to one of the great medieval African kingdoms called Dahomey. Even after independence from French rule, Benin still has strong French influence, French being the population’s official language. This small country is a tropical and sub-saharan nation and is home to many unique cultural traditions. Despite all of the struggles of the past and current challenges facing Benin, the small country is thriving with its uniquely rich culture.
In Benin independence day is an important celebration: Independence Day is a national holiday in Benin. Celebrations on this day take place on grand scale throughout the country. National leaders deliver speeches reflecting
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Currently, Benin has a democratic government with an elected legislative body and president, which both serve five-year terms. The slavery that came from colonization also has had a harsh negative effect on Benin’s development. After slave trade was abolished, there were few resources left prepared for Benin to trade within the global economy.So, the country shifted to relying upon its agriculture. The end of slave trade in the Nineteenth Century left Benin with many scars, along with the other African states; most of them were battered and most Africans were left with their traditional ways of life completely disrupted due to living in fear for so long. European attitude towards Africans changed as well, having forgotten that Africans were humans too. Benin’s social caste system also has its roots in the precolonial kingdoms. Although the power of traditional rulers was broken by colonization, the social status of Benin is still partially determined by a person’s family roots along with wealth. Despite all of the harsh negative impacts of colonization and slavery, Benin pushes on and a country, facing problems as they come along. As a man named Huzaifah Mahmood says in an article he wrote:
While slavery and colonialism has had its impact on the country, their destructive forces have not held the test of time. The country is, by my definition of the word, experiencing development. The people understand what it means to be free, and exercise their constitutional right to vote. While of course there is much more that needs to be done in order to qualify Benin as a developed nation, they are moving in the right direction.
http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/britishBenin.html Negritude http://www.nigerdeltadirectory.com/websiteseminars/negritude.html http://www.culturekiosque.com/calendar/item14966.html http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/negritude/ (Accessed 14.02.11). African Art http://www.jpanafrican.com/ (Accessed 14.02.11). Benin Massacre http://www.dawodu.com/igbinedion3.htm http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/britishBenin.html http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/anthony-okosun/the-glory-of-benin-kingdom-and-the-shame-of-the-british-empire.html. http://books.google.co.uk (Benin Diplomatic Handbook By USA International Business Publications).
Benin. As the Oba, he put a strong emphasis on the need of a strong army. An article stated, “under Ewuare’s rule…Benin changed dramatically (US History).” As a civilization, they began to create a powerful military and started expanding their kingdom by winning land from surrounding civilizations. Ewuare was only the first of several great warrior kings, after Ewuare came his son, Ozolua. Oba Ozolua was historically known for being victorious in nearly two hundred battles. After Oba Ozolua came Oba Esigie, Esigie was credited for expanding Benin eastward to help build their empire a take land from the Kingdom of Ife. Both Esigie and Ozolua encouraged trading with Portuguese merchants in order to build a large and technologically advanced
The first West African state of record was Ghana which had been ruled by over forty kings by the year 300 A.D. The early Ghanaians were a peaceful and prosperous people who developed an economy based on agriculture and...
The first way the Ibo culture of Nigeria is civilized is through the government. The government takes care of issues in a fair way. After both sides were done speaking at the Egwugwu Ceremony, the Evil Forest said, “Our duty is not to blame this man or praise that, but to settle the dispute” (Chapter 10 pg.93) The Evil Spirits main goal was not trying to blame the person who did wrong, but to solve the problem in a fair manner to get it over with. Another example of how the Ibo culture is civilized through government is it is organized with rules. The government leaders made white men go back to their own land so they wouldn’t change the Ibo culture. As it says in the article Political Colonization, “They said the land had changed and that they were dying. And they demand that all white men go back to their own country so that the land might return to the way it was before the british came.” The government made that rule because it would help the Ibo culture stay alive and not transfer over to another culture. The last way the Ibo culture is civilized through government is
Brief History From the 1500s to the 1700s, African blacks, mainly from the area of West Africa (today's Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Dahomey, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon) were shipped as slaves to North America, Brazil, and the West Indies. For them, local and tribal differences, and even varying cultural backgrounds, soon melded into one common concern: the suffering they all endured. Music, songs, and dances as well as traditional food, helped not only to uplift them but also quite unintentionally added immeasurably to the culture around them. In the approximately 300 years that blacks have made their homes in North America, the West Indies, and Brazil, their highly honed art of the cuisine so treasured and carefully transmitted to their daughters has become part of the great culinary classics of these lands. But seldom are the African blacks given that recognition.
The attitudes towards the display of Benin Art, adopted by European museums and galleries have dramatically changed over the 112 year period since their initial acquisition. This has been for a number of reasons including the societal transition from accepting colonialism to acknowledging cultural diversity, the gradual integration and cross-fertilisation across the academic fields of anthropology, ethnography and art history and the ongoing debate regarding provenance and repatriation.
"Democracy and Governance in Nigeria: Reflecting on 51 Years of Independence." Democracy and Governance in Nigeria: Reflecting on 51 Years of Independence. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2014.
European colonization had an impact on the government of Africa. One day, a white man came to the African council and told them that they now had a king. The King of Europe was now their king and Africa was his land. A new council was made in the town of Nairobi, in which acted for their King and was Africa’s government. The council made laws for the Africans to follow (Doc.
...’s depictions of both traditional and modern beliefs in varying degrees illustrate the importance of both in contemporary Nigerian culture, as well as the greater Africa as a whole, and how both are intertwined and cannot exist without the other. In effect, she skillfully subverts stereotypes or single perceptions of Africa as backward and traditional, proving instead, the multifaceted culture of Africa. She further illustrates that neither traditional African nor western culture is necessarily detrimental. It is the stark contrast of the fundamental cultures that inevitably leads to clashes and disagreements. In the end, what holds African countries such as Nigeria together is their shared pride. Modern, western influences can bring positive changes to society, but new cultures cannot completely eradicate the foundational cultures to which a society is founded on.
What is culture? Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving
Culture is an integral part of every society. Culture is a learned pattern of behavior or ways by which people live their lives or how society behaves. Some characteristics of the culture of people or a society are their music, food, laws, arts, marriage, festivals among others. Ghana is the first sub-Saharan African nation to gain its independence from the British in 1957. It is located in West Africa and it consists of different ethnic groups with different dialects. One such group is the Ga-Adangbe tribe. The Ga-Adangbe tribe constitutes of the Adangbe and the Ga people of Ghana who form one ethnic group known as the Ga-Adangbe tribe. The Ga-Adangbe people inhabit the Accra Plains. The Adangbe people inhabit the eastern part of Accra while the Ga people inhabit the western part of Accra coastlands. The language of both ethnic groups is from a common proto-Ga-Adangbe ancestral language. There is one notable thing about these ethnic groups in Ghana and it is their culture of festivals. These festivals range from the naming of a child, puberty rites, marriage and funerals among other things. One of these beautiful festivals that this paper seeks to discuss is puberty rites. The Ashanti tribe who hail from the Ashante Region of Ghana and the Adangbe tribe who hail from Eastern Region of Ghana celebrate this beautiful festival called puberty rites. The Ashanti tribe of Ghana calls this festival or puberty rite “Bragoro” while the Adangbe people from the Eastern part of Ghana call it “Dipo.” My focus in this paper is how the Adangbe tribe celebrates the Dipo rite in Ghana.
Nigeria was under British Rule from 1900-1960 till the time it got its independence. Before the colonist they use to live in their own areas with their own cultures and leaders but after the Britishers arrived, they starting ruling over them using the Divide and Rule policy (CITATION). That policy was the beginning of the religious and ethnic problems in Nigeria which we currently see. Nigeria was organized as a loose federation of self-governing states. The Colonial history of Nigeria has proved to be a difficult part for the people of Nigeria to swallow, they saw colonist as successful and tried to emulate them based on their religion or ethnicity. That resulted in the loss of Nationalism among the people as they started identifying themselves based on their ethnicity or religion. Ethnicity robbed them of nationalism and selfish politics started affecting economic and social values.
There is no doubt that European colonialism has left a grave impact on Africa. Many of Africa’s current and recent issues can trace their roots back to the poor decisions made during the European colonial era. Some good has resulted however, like modern medicine, education, and infrastructure. Africa’s history and culture have also been transformed. It will take many years for the scars left by colonization to fade, but some things may never truly disappear. The fate of the continent may be unclear, but its past provides us with information on why the present is the way it is.
Since the country independence, Benin’s government frequently changed due to political and social unrest. In early 1980, Mathieu Kérékou was elected to a three-year term as president, professing strict Marxist-Leninist principles. However, the country’s stagnant economy and the collapses of many communist regimes in Eastern Europe encouraged Beninese to ask for a structural adjustment, from a dictatorship to a multiparty democracy. Nicéphore Soglo defeated Kérékou
In this essay I will reconstruct my first visit to Nigeria. The journey took place when I was seventeen in early 1993, during which time Nigeria was under the military rule of General Sanni Abacha. For the most part of my trip I stayed in Lagos, former capital state and still highly recognised as the commercial capital of Nigeria, although I did visit other parts of the country including Ondo State and Jos. Between this time and the time I left, in early 1994, I experienced and learnt a lot about the Nigerian culture. My main focus will be on the particular aspects of Nigerian culture that I saw as relevant to me as a teenager at the time, and also on my views before and after the journey. Up until the point of this journey I had lived most my life in the city of London and my cultural views were very much British. I was not very familiar with Nigerian culture, and the parts I was familiar with, which came mostly through my parents and other family members, were not very appealing to me. Thinking back now I imagine that one of the reason things like that did not appeal to me was because it went so much against the British culture which I had already related to; fully accepted as my own; and deemed as ‘normal’. For example eating certain food, not including chips, with your right hand instead of with a knife and fork. Leading up to the time I left for Nigeria, I had never really identified myself with the Nigerian culture even though both of my parents where originally from Nigeria.