One incident that interested me was the atomic bomb testing on Anangu Indigenous land, only 68 years ago in the 1950’s the white Australian government authorised the British to test 7 series of nuclear bombs which had resulted in fatal consequences. The forced relocation of the Aboriginal families destroyed their traditional lifestyle, this was profoundly negative and still to this day, the living conditions are abysmal as the land has now been declared inhabitable (Child, D.P., and Hotchkis, M.A.C., 2013.) Around 1,200 Aboriginal people were exposed to the repercussions of the testing, the “puyu” (black mist) caused sore eyes, skin irritation, diarrhea, vomiting and many more serve effects. Due to the actions of the British and white Australian
The United States of America’s use of the atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has spurred much debate concerning the necessity, effectiveness, and morality of the decision since August 1945. After assessing a range of arguments about the importance of the atomic bomb in the termination of the Second World War, it can be concluded that the use of the atomic bomb served as the predominant factor in the end of the Second World War, as its use lowered the morale, industrial resources, and military strength of Japan. The Allied decision to use the atomic bomb not only caused irreparable physical damage on two major Japanese cities, but its use also minimized the Japanese will to continue fighting. These two factors along
The Trinity Project was a project conducted to test the effects of a nuclear weapon. The Trinity nuclear device was detonated on a 100-foot tower on the Alamogordo Bombing Range in south-central New Mexico at 0530 hours on 16 July 1945. (Rohrer, 1995-2003). This project was organized by the Manhattan Engineer District (MED). This organization worked diligently planning and coordinating all of the logistics for the groundbreaking event. From 1945-1946 over 1000 personnel either worked or visited the test site. The United States was trying to gain nuclear proliferation throughout the world so this project was necessary for our enemies to see the devastation of a nuclear blast.
With America and Britain’s supplies and money quickly becoming exhausted towards the end of World War II, the war with Japan had to cease. Even though the US had significantly weakened their numbers, the US needed a strong military win to get Japan to surrender. Without the use of the atomic bomb the war between Japan and America could’ve persisted for a few more years, but with the bombing or Hiroshima and Nagasaki the war was ended swiftly and with fewer casualties than if the war had continued. For these reasons, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a military necessity and a scientific experiment.
For over 200 years Aborigines have endured a long history of suffering due to the adverse effects of western colonisation; in its attempt for cultural assimilation and to which has caused catastrophic consequences within individuals and the community as a whole. The extent and persistence of suppression inflicted upon the indigenous communities have severely disrupted the culture, which has not only made it susceptible to trauma, but can also trigger other catastrophic symptoms, which then lead to the transmission and intergenerational transmission of such behaviours or maladaptive coping strategies amongst its members. To this day, it is still evident that Aborigines continue to experience profound social problems caused by marginalisation with dominant society. In order to understand this, it is necessary to investigate the importance of culture and exactly what in their history has led them to where they are today, as well as, exploring the different theoretical approaches in regards to transmission, through the biological approaches in human development and approached in behavioural and learning theories, reflecting on the likelihood of how genetics or environmental factors can play in the role of transmission.
Within Australia, beginning from approximately the time of European settlement to late 1969, the Aboriginal population of Australia experienced the detrimental effects of the stolen generation. A majority of the abducted children were ’half-castes’, in which they had one white parent and the other of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. Following the government policies, the European police and government continued the assimilation of Aboriginal children into ‘white’ society. Oblivious to the destruction and devastation they were causing, the British had believed that they were doing this for “their [Aborigines] own good”, that they were “protecting” them as their families and culture were deemed unfit to raise them. These beliefs caused ...
In early August 1945 atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of American involvement in World War II. By 1946 the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens1. The popular, or traditional, view that dominated the 1950s and 60s – put forth by President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson – was that the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimed at intimating and gaining the upper hand in relations with Russia. Today, fifty-four years after the two bombings, with the advantage of historical hindsight and the advantage of new evidence, a third view, free of obscuring bias and passion, can be presented. First, the dropping of the bomb was born out of complex infinite military, domestic and diplomatic pressures and concerns. Second, many potentially viable alternatives to dropping the bombs were not explored by Truman and other men in power, as they probably should have been. Lastly, because these alternatives were never explored, we can only conjecture over whether or not Truman’s decision was a morally just one, and if indeed it was necessary to use atomic energy to win the war.
The stolen generations of Aboriginal children were taken away from their families by the government, churches and welfare bodies so they could be brought up in institutions or fostered out into white families with the hope that these children would be integrated into white society. Beginning in the 1830’s and ending in the early 1970’s, many children were taken from their families in an attempt to eradicate the Aboriginal race and culture. The Australian government’s policy and practice of removing the Aboriginal children from their families was violently enforced during that time period, unfortunately this official government policy was in effect until 1969. During my research it appears that the practice of mistreating Aboriginal
In 1945 on August 6 and 9 the United States army air force under the orders of President Truman dropped two atomic bombs one on the city of Hiroshima and the other on the city of Nagasaki killing roughly two hundred twenty-six thousand people. The dropping of the atomic bomb was a very controversial event in the United States from the events that lead up to the dropping, the complex decision to dropping the bomb on an actual city, and how the dropping of the bomb helped shaped the way nations fight wars, and how they determine the damage that could be done if they were to use a weapon of mass destruction on civilians.
The most harmful to the Indigenous society was the residential schools because the young Aboriginal children were taken from their homes, told their language and customs were not allowed, unacceptable and there would be consequences if they did. The Indigenous were separated from their families to assimilate the Indigenous into the so called “white culture.” There was a residential school called the Mohawk Institute Residential School in the area of Branford run by the government. It started as a day school for boys on the Six Nations reserve, then accepted female children later. Former students of the schools described suffering sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. There was low quality food, and they cut some Indigenous peoples hair off. This subject always changed the way I saw these schools because they were the most harmful the Indigenous underwent and I could never understand what it felt like or what happened
200,000 deaths. 2 catastrophic bombs. Japan had no other option than to surrender. Though that meant giving up everything the country and its people had worked for, this unforgivable act was a complete and utter devastation in which Japan had to accept. There was no preparation, no heads-up, no courtesy involved when the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. Japan was devastated and with very little days to recuperate, they were struggling to explain what had just happened. Before they knew it, a second bomb had been deployed and there was no time to think. Japan was flabbergasted. The only thing the emperor knew he could do to save his country from any further damage, was to surrender. So the question remains, was this just?
The atomic bomb1 is the most destructive weapon known to mankind. A bomb of this nature is capable of obliterating anything up to four square miles and anything reaching outside that area receives very extreme damage. Albert Einstein was the man who had convinced the United States to research the Atomic Bomb.
World War II brought up many new technologies for warfare. Advanced on existing developments such as weaponry, ships, vehicles air crafts, navigational devices and medicine are just a few broad examples of developments in warfare during this time in United States and World history. One development, however, changed the entire way of warfare. The Atomic bomb was developed during this time out of fears that the Germans had the same technologies, or at least were working to obtain it. Once the United States had this technological capability of producing atomic weapons, the way of fighting was changed. Two bombs were dropped on Japan in August of 1945, one on the city of Hiroshima and the other on the city of Nagasaki. Afterward, the ear of atomic diplomacy came up in American international relations, which as we have seen today, has led to the development of even stronger, more deadly weaponry and bombs. The bombing of Japan also brings up the still prevalent debate of whether the bombings were justifiable or not. Historians Gar Alperovitz, Robert P. Newman and Barton Bernstein all have written essays expressing their opinions in the matter.
The British settlers, the ‘Australians’, did commit genocide on the native Aboriginal population - through assimilation, “the killing of so many Aborigines by disease, loss of access to land and food, and by armed conflict.” Some historians may argue that by the definition of genocide (“the systematic killing of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group”) the situation in Australia was not a genocide, because it wasn’t systematic, it merely happened without methodical planning. This essay will look at the impact/different actions of Australians and in what ways they were genocidal.
The nuclear bomb was the most devastating weapon ever created by man. It was developed between 1942 and 1945 during the second World War. The project to build the worlds first atomic weapon was called The Manhattan Project. The nuclear bomb was based on the idea of splitting an atom to create energy, this is called fission. Three bombs were created, “Trinity”, “Little Boy”, and “Fat Man”. “Trinity” was dropped on a test site in New Mexico on July 16, 1945, proving the theories, engineering and mathematics of the bomb to be correct. Shortly after that, not more than 2 months, the U.S. performed the first actual nuclear attack in the history of war. The bomb “Little Boy” was dropped on the town of Hiroshima, instantly killing thousands. “Fat Man” was dropped shortly after on the town of Nagasaki. After the bombing almost all scientist involved with the creation of the bomb regretted its construction and spoke out against the abolishment of nuclear weapons.
The atomic bombings during World War II have been a controversial topic since not only after they were used but even before they were used. There are opinions that believe it was a necessary means to end the war, while opinions believe that another alternative means could have been used to end the war. In an article, written by Mark Weber, Weber states detailed reasons and proof to support his reasons that that there was no valid reason for dropping the atomic bombs. The argument presented by Weber is the most convincing concerning the atomic bombings because he gives details that shows that the Japanese were already defeated before the atomic bombs were dropped, the Japanese did not want to completely surrender all things to another county,