Kritik Tradisi dalam Perempuan di Titik Nol. Tradisi adalah hal yang berharga. Indonesia, misalnya, mempunyai ribu-ribuan tradisi yang membuat identitas Indonesia unik dan spesial. Tetapi, ada banyak tradisi-tradisi yang lebih baik dimusnahkan. Banyak tradisi-tradisi tidak manusiawi dan tidak menghormati hak asasi manusia. Salah satu tipe tradisi-tradisi ini adalah tradisi-tradisi yang membuat wanita harus menerima status yang lebih rendah. Ini, sayangnya, masih umum di dunia Arab. Di buku Perempuan Di Titik Nol, Nawal el Saadawi menceritakan bagaimana negeri yang mengikuti tradisi-tradisi ini melukai wanita-wanita yang tinggal didalamnya. Salah satu tujuan Perempuan di Titik Nol adalah untuk mengkritik tradisi-tradisi ini. Ini bisa dilihat bagaimana tradisi mengamibil kekuasaan untuk membuat keputusan untuk diri sendiri dari Firdaus, dari bagaimana ketidakadilan tradisi membuat Firdaus merasa tidak memiliki tubuhnya sendiri, dan bagaimana, seperti Firdaus menyadari, bahwa konsep hormat di tradisi Mesir dan Islam hanya adalah perangkap yang dirancang untuk menempatkan perempuan pada kekuasaan laki-laki. Tradisi mengamibil kekuasaan untuk menentukan nasib diri sendiri dari Firdaus. Ini bisa dilihat dengan bagaimana Firdaus terpaksa menikahi Syeikh Mahmoud, dan bagaimana Syeikh Mahmoud dapat memukulnya tanpa melanggar hukum apapun. Firdaus tidak bisa berkata tidak, dia tidak bisa menolak pernikahannya karena dalam tradisi mereka, hak untuk menikahinya berada dalam tangan orang tuanya, yang sekarang paman dan istri pamannya. Sheikh Mahmoud egois dan pelit dan memukul Firdaus. Deformitas wajah-Nya adalah pembengkakan besar di dagunya dengan lubang di tengah yang bocor nanah. Setelah satu pemukulan buruk, Firdaus lari. Dia tidak bisa ... ... middle of paper ... ...mat di tradisi Mesir dan Islam hanya adalah perangkap yang dirancang untuk menempatkan perempuan pada kekuasaan laki-laki. Karena ketidakadilan tradisi-tradisi di PDTN, Firdaus menolak tradisi dan moralitas tradisional untuk menentukan nasibnya sendiri. Di dunia nyata, masih banyak tradisi-tradisi yang tidak adil, khususnya di dunia Arab. Tradisi-tradisi ini menghancurkan potensi banyak orang yang bisa menjadi manusia yang produktif di negeri mereka, seperti bagaimana Firdaus adalah wanita yang sangat cermat, tetapi dia menjadi wanita tuna susila karena ketidakadilan tradisi di komunitasnya. Di dunia nyata, kita seharusnya menolak dan menghancurkan tradisi-tradisi yang tidak adil, tradisi-tradisi yang menghancurkan potensi kita, agar kita bisa secara maksimal menggunakan potensi ini untuk diri kita sendiri, untuk komunitas dan negeri, dan untuk Tuhan yang Maha Esa.
1. What does Chaukamnoetkanok see as the main differences between his experience and that of his grandparents?
Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi and Mark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy are both coming-of-age narratives that were written through the eyes and experiences of young people who grew up in a world of apartheid. Although, it should be noted that they both have parallels in their stories as well as distinctions one should take into account the times and places in which each occurred. While Coming of Age in Mississippi occurred during a Jim Crow era in the American South, between 1944 and 1968, Kaffir Boy’s autobiographical narrative occurred in the regime of South Africa’s apartheid struggle from 1960 to 1978 in the town of Alexandra. During the late 20th century both narratives offer a framework of racism, a value and yearn for education and the struggle and will to survive. This essay will compile how both narratives experienced their areas race-relations given the time and place that they are in.
Islam has been a dominant force throughout Turkish history. During the Ottoman Empire, Islam ruled every part of the theocratic state, but after the demise of the empire, Turkey's rulers led the country away from political Islam. The modern Turkish state has a strictly secular government, and Islam has been relegated to the personal sphere. Although Turkey has experienced a rise in fundamentalism in the past twenty years, the separation of church and state has remained relatively intact. Even with this increase of fundamentalist Islam, the wide majority of Muslims in Turkey are moderate and tolerant. They have adapted to modern life and value Islam for its moral and spiritual messages. Islam is a guide for right living and ethical conduct rather than a political system. Turkey constantly struggles to balance Islamic life with a secular government. Although the government wants to maintain a strict separation between religion and politics, it cannot ignore the power and influence that Islam has in the lives of the Turkish people.
Since “Islamic beliefs constitute the vocabulary of political action” , this part of the paper will focus on the Islamic roots of this pluralist and toleration-based system. The principle of toleration is clearly pronounced in the Qur’an. For example in Sûrat al-hujurât (The Dwellings, verse 49:3) we can read “O’ Mankind [...] made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another” which implies the need for a common respect. Indeed, despite the absence of literal term for the word “tolerance” in the Qu’ran, Hadith and ‘Fiqh, show that religious coercion (“‘ikrâh”) ...
In addition the author firs discussed about the Islamic theory of individual and gender. In this theory the Muhajirin who are the migrants of Uzbekistan used three terms, which are aql, nafs, and fitna and learned these terms in mosques i...
The Islamic revival trend of the late 20th century forged the intellection that the ‘resurrected’ Muslim nations were akin to Islamic states. The region considered to make up the Muslim world indisputably comprises nations that maintain majority Muslim populations. The extent to which these nations may be labeled Islamic, however, is dubious. As the omnipresent uniformity ascribed to Muslim nations has intensified with heightened media attention, the variance among systems of governance in these countries has continued to be overlooked. The Islamic presence in these countries, in fact, ranges vastly, from Islamic social groups that strive to revive social morality and eradicate Western culture to established political systems that endeavor to enforce Islamic law.
The first theme that is overlapping is religion. Religion is has been demonstrated as the basic background of the Islam as “a collectivity whose members themselves are not unanimous,” but the fact remains that the “religious actors” concept largely forgoes the problems one might encounter if speaking about religion in general. It covers a wider concept whereby the author of the books uses it to give reference to conduct and behavioral interaction among the
Ahmed, A. S. (1999). Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World. New York: I. B. Tauris.
The tension between the West and Islam has become a hot topic lately but the conflict between the two has always been there, and is illustrate through the works of Al-Farabi, Nilufar Gole, and Sayyid Qutb. Each author has a different perspective on modernization and the west. The significance of these three authors, whose works span over a period of 1,000 years, is that their work reveals the enduringly complex relationship that Islam and the West have had.
Lastly, but most importantly, understanding the culture and its background provides a valuable insight and an ‘umbrella theme’ of a country. According to Geert Hofstede’s Cultural dimensions, Malaysia has one of the highest power distance index in the world, with one of the lowest uncertainty avoidance index. It is highly related to the beliefs of Islam and this creates a society where leaders have virtually ultimate power and authority, and the rules, laws, and regulations developed by those in power, reinforce their own leadership and control. It is not unusual for new leadership to arise from armed insurrection – the ultimate power, rather than from diplomatic or democratic change .
The Fatimid’s had been rumored to be tolerant, compassionate and focused on unifying Islam; however, it has been proved that this was not always the case. Orientalists have acknowledged their contribution towards the advancement of Islam and claim that the Christian and Jewish communities excelled during this time; but it did not come without its deceptions and deviations from Islamic norms and rules. This historiography will explore whether the Fatimids were actually the tolerant Muslims whose actions, belief systems and practices evidenced the growth of Islam and tolerance of other religions, or if they were merely politi...
One attribute of Islam was unique teaching that attracted many people from many places. In some observations the Islam was the religion e Islam t...
Islamic nation. As examples given earlier about modernization which includes nations such as Turkey and on the other side of the spectrum the practice of Islamic Shariah. As a final note, my main objective from this book review is to see Islam from the eye of Muslims and Non-Muslims alike.
Religion is an important factor in many lives in today’s society. A particular western religion that is taken very seriously by many is known as Islam. Essentially, Islam means “submission”, or in other words a person is to abide by God and peace will follow. In order to comprehend the Islamic religion, it is consequential to view the major themes associated with this religion. By going through the central themes of Islam it could help others comprehend what is involved with this specific religion.
Saat Sulaiman; Usahawan cemerlang: tip dan panduan keusahawanan; available from [Book]pp 14-80. Retrieved on 9 March 2014