Abstract - In this paper aircraft drag is considerably reduced by a design and change in deflection of wing even with the increase in speed of aircraft. Aircraft drag depends on the aspect ratio of the wing, thus by reducing the surface area and twisting the wing about its vertical axis (pivoted axis) to a particular angle without compromising the lift force generated, the drag force was considerably reduced. As a result a speed of 0.3 mach was raised to 1.2 mach experimentally non-symmetrical wing of various length nearer to 1m is designed, analyzed and deflected from its pivoted section, drag produced around the wing is drastically reduced. Drag produced at different angle is compared with the drag produced at 00 deflections and by reducing …show more content…
At low Mach numbers induced drag dominates drag concerns. Airplanes during takeoff and gliders are most concerned with induced drag. One way to reduce induced drag is to increase the aspect ratio of the lifting surface. At lower speeds, during takeoffs and landings, an oblique wing would be positioned perpendicular to the fuselage like a conventional wing to provide maximum lift and control qualities. As the aircraft gained speed, the wing would be pivoted to increase the oblique angle, thereby reducing the drag and decreasing fuel consumption.
At high speeds, both subsonic and supersonic, an oblique wing would be pivoted at up to 60 degrees to the aircraft's fuselage for better high-speed performance. Fig-1 Multiple exposure of aircraft showing wing positions
Oblique wing aircraft aircraft show large cross coupling in control and dynamic behaviour.
II.DRAG OVER THE WING
A.SELECTION OF AEROFOIL
An aerofoil is the shape of a wing. With low coefficient of drag an aerofoil is selected from various aerofoil of same Reynolds number and mach number.
Table – Selig aerofoil S4320
Name of airfoil
Alpha
Co-efficient of lift
Co-efficient of drag
S4320 0
5
10
15 0.094
...Another way to decrease the disturbance over the wings are to move the wings lower than the horizontal stabilizer or visa versa to allow the shock waves moving over each wing to miss each other. Most aircraft today do not have enough fuel to maintain the speed of sound for great distances. Engineers have designed a brand new aircraft known as the F-22, which has the ability to fly an entire mission at supersonic speeds. The speed of light is unattainable by aircraft due to drag. We have no materials that could with stand the heat caused by the friction of the air moving over its body, nor materials strong enough to be able to take the enormous drag. Today there is no thrust capability that would allow for the speed of light. Although aircraft has proved such things as time dilation it is still impossible for an aircraft to travel at 900,000 miles per second.
Aerodynamics is generally summarized in these 2 terms: “Lift against Weight” and “Thrust against Drag”. This basically means the amount of flight power generated must be equal to, or greater than the amount of weight of the airplane, and the amount of pushing generated, must be equal to or greater than the airs resistance. But the overall question, so far, is how is “Lift” and “Thrust” generated? The answer to how “Thrust” is generated is quite simple. Its sort of how a car would move, except in a much different way. Airplanes have 4 engines, which can each exert easily up to 200 PSI of air (pressure per square inch), composed of liquid fuel cylinders, and internal combustion (like a car). It also tops to 250 km per hour on the runway! But how “Lift” is generated is, the true definition of aerodynamics. The first thing you must consider to understand this is that the wing of the plane is specially designed, to force the air above the wing to rush faster, than the air beneath it. This works according to the “Bernoulli’s principle”. The reason air above the wing must be fast...
“Flight Patterns,” by Sherman Alexie, tells an interesting story of a man named William, who is a Spokane Indian and lives in Washington State with his wife Marie and five-year-old daughter Grace. William struggles with living between the traditionalist American and Indian worlds by appearing confident and assured, but on the inside, he is actually weak, fearful, and has an abundance of obsessions. He loves his job and hates it at the same time, He needs to fly for his job, but flying scares him since the terrorist attacks that happened on September 11th. He seems very indecisive and unassured at times. He stays in the same hotel chain, eats at the same restaurants, and has the same exercise routine while
The book Flight written by Sherman Alexie is about a 15 year old part Native American
It all started when two brothers began to design wings for the new Nazi regime in Germany. With the outbreak of WWII in 1939, the Horton brothers continued their groundbreaking work under a shroud of secrecy. But while the Germans were developing their wings, a forty year old American aircraft designer called Jack Northrop was quietly working on a flying wing design of his own. Jack had been dreaming about flying wings since the 1920s , and had long held the belief that the way to success in wing design was by reducing the drag created by a tail and fuselage. In the end he got rid of the tail altogether.
The strength of a woman is not measured by the impact that all her hardships in life have had on her; but the strength of a woman is measured by the extent of her refusal to allow those hardships to dictate her and who she becomes.”- C. JoyBell C.
... force toward the rear that must be overcome by the forward thrust of the engines. As the angle of attack of an airplane is increased, the plane gains lift, but the lift is limited. As the angle is increased, air turbulence spreads over the wing. Then at a certain critical point (an angle of about 14 degrees in many airplanes), the wing loses lift and the plane stalls, nosing over into a dive.
Drag is caused by the disrupted air immediately behind an object moving through fluid/air. It acts perpendicular to and in the opposite direction of travel of the object and impedes the motion of the object. It would make sense that if the drag is minimized, the object will travel farther. Lift or curve in the motion of an object through air is a phenomenon that is noticeable in a ball traveling through fluid/air. This change in direction is due to the effect that spin has on the object in motion.
For a plane to create lift, its wings must create low pressure on top and high pressure on the bottom. However, at the tips of the wings, the high pressure pushes and the low pressure pulls air onto the top of the wing, reducing lift and creating a current flowing to the top. This current remains even after the wing has left the area, producing really awesome vortices.
What is aerodynamics? The word comes from two Greek words aerios concerning the air, and dynamis, meaning powerful. Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. Humans have been interested in aerodynamics and flying for thousands of years, although flying in a heavier-than-air machine has been possible only in the last hundred years. Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach ball thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead. The curve ball thrown by big league baseball pitchers gets its curve from aerodynamics.
As the air flows over the wing producing lift, it grabs onto the wings surface and causes drag. Drag can be measured by the equation D=Cd 1/2 (pV2)S, much like the lift equation. The drag coeficent Cd is found, again, by determining ...
Activity #1 FLIGHT A kid named Zits who lives in Seattle, is only fifteen years old. He’s tall, skinny, ugly, and sometimes mean. He also has forty-seven zits and that’s where he gets his name from. Zits is Irish, Indian and is a foster child.
Wings create lift for the upward force of an airplane. A great example of how this happens is sticking your hand out of a car window driving down the freeway. The force on your flat palm causes a force that can lift your hand up or down by changing the
Newton's third law, stated above, explains how the remaining lift force is produced. Lift is generated when the air hits and is deflected off of the underside of the wing. This deflection of air downwards, in turn, causes an upward lift force on the wing since there must be an "equal and opposite reaction force."(Newman) This force accounts for a relatively small portion of the total lift generated for a wing.(JEPPESEN 1-13)
The equations of motion for any given airplane are non-linear in nature. It is linearised by making certain assumptions. The assumptions are as follows: