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An honorable win is one that many people strive for in a competition. To act in a way that could be considered unethical could cause a win to be considered tarnished. Mill is seen to believe the idea that quality should be more important than quantity. This idea is viewed and supported by many in different competitive settings. The way a player plays a sport can often define the person themselves. A person can be viewed in ways such as humble, competitive, or a liar that can view them in good bad or a neutral view. Honor is a word closely associated with the sport of golf. This is a sport unlike many others where for the most part only you and your opponent can truly call the shots and be the referees. This is a game where you must call penalties …show more content…
One definition of utilitarianism in general highlights the idea that an action is considered morally right or wrong depending on their results of the action (“Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy”). The idea highlights that the end results are the only factor that truly matter in the decision of whether or not an action is morally right or wrong(“Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy”). Utilitarianism can be split into two more detailed perspectives which are act and rule utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism focus is on an individual case’s outcome (“Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy”). Rule Utilitarianism looks at the action and its outcome in general (“Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy”). Jeremy Bentham is associated with utilitarianism and his view of hedonism which is in response to the question of what is considered good in the world (“Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy”). Hedonism focuses on pleasure or happiness as being the only good (“Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy”). Pleasure and happiness are considered goods themselves since compared to friends or families that can produce such valuables as pleasure and happiness (“Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy”). This means that the gift of happiness one that cannot produce anything that would be of greater value. The views associated with hedonism have been rejected in cases since they only considered the …show more content…
So not only is the player responsible to be following the rules, but also the caddie is responsible to follow the rules of only giving advice to their player and the player they are with must be responsible for them(). In the 2006 Honda Classic, Mark Wilson gave himself a two stroke penalty after his caddie gave advice to another player although he still won (ESPN). Even though Wilson didn’t state the hybrid his caddie Chris Jones did and if Wilson did not ask it would have been unlikely for the officials to have noticed (ESPN). This penalty led to a sudden death and although Wilson still won the sudden death would have been unnecessary if only his caddie did not unintentionally try to help others (ESPN). In rule utilitarianism, Wilson action of giving himself the penalty was the ethical thing to do. Since his action is honorable to accredit for the fact that the caddie caused for the conditions to be considered unfair. For act utilitarianism the unintentional individual action of the caddie should have not affected the outcome of Wilson’s game. Especially since the advice was not noticed by anyone other than Wilson. This outcome for the individual case is unethical within the act utilitarian perspective. This specific example, brings up a question that many golfers are faced to answer for many different parts of the game and that is whether or not an action that goes unnoticed by others should be called upon
No matter your career, you will eventually run into a situation where an ethical or moral decision has to be made. I am planning on going into athletic training where many ethical dilemmas will surround the health or actions dealing with athletes. Here are three different scenarios I could face as an athletic trainer and how I would resolve each ethical issue.
The goal is to achieve happiness and to avoid pain. He believed that a self-gratifying worth in acting derives from how a person feels, the length it last, the certainty, results that follow after taking actions, the benefits, and avoidance of any form of negative outcome. The methods of utility describe the meaning of moral obligation. This is refereed the happiness for all affected by the action taken. Bentham indicates that social policies are exanimated by the effectiveness it has on the general population that is involved. However, Mills utilitarianism on moral theory is an extension from Bentham’s view. He suggested some improvements to Bentham’s structure, meaning, and application (Philosophy Pages,
Jeremy Bentham believed that pleasure and pain are the only intrinsic values in the world. Utilitarianism didn’t really become popular until John Stuart Mills made it into a movement of sorts and really made it shine in the eyes of the people. One flaw of utilitarianism is that a person’s happiness can’t really be measured and compared to the happiness someone else’s happiness, vice versa with pain. Another view that people have on utilitarianism is that some individuals believe in determinism which is when someone believes that all our actions are predisposed and that we have no choice because destiny and fate already have it decided. If determinism is true, then we have no control of an outcome but if it is false then we have no effect on the outcome of certain actions. I believe that this theory makes sense and would therefore discredit utilitarianism and all that it stands for. Moving on, another thing that discredits utilitarianism is that all it cares about is the outcome but what about the motivations that go into the actions we do, if that doesn’t matter then why would do anything at
Utilitarianism provides a method for calculating the moral worth of specific actions in terms of their consequences. Utilitarianism teaches that happiness comprises the fundamental purpose and pursuit of human life. Therefore, the value and worth of any given action should be evaluated in terms of its ability to produce happiness. The utilitarian defines happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain, and teaches that in all cases individuals should act in such a way as to achieve the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people. Utilitarianism...
Utilitarianism is an ethnic theory founded by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. According to Jeremy Bentham, an act is considered as morally right if it provides the greatest amount of pleasure. Bentham’s view on utilitarianism is considered to be hedonistic because he does not take into account the consequences when considering that pleasure is the most important aspect. Bentham believes in maximizing pleasure while minimizing pain. He also believed that pleasure is the only intrinsic good while pain and suffering is the only intrinsic bad. Bentham also believed that pleasure and pain are aspects that could be measured by something called the “hedonic calculus”. Bentham view on utility is considered as individualistic because it concerns more on oneself than on others. However, John Stuart Mill disagreed with Bentham ...
The theory states that it should be applied to every action. The Hedonic Calculus is a formula that is used to calculate what course of action gives the best balance of happiness over unhappiness. I am using a scale of one out of ten for the Hedonic Calculus values. One represents the greatest unhappiness and ten represents euphoria. According to Act Utilitarianism, the morality of situations change on a case to case basis. Another key point of Act Utilitarianism is that of the utility principle or the greatest happiness principle, is that the main idea of Utilitarianism and is the ultimate standard on which Utilitarianism think we should base moral right or wrong. One example the book gives is the right action in any situation is the one that tends to produce the greatest possible balance of happiness over unhappiness for the greatest possible
Utilitarianism is consequentialist ethical system that focuses on the results of actions, rather than the actions themselves. Utilitarian ethics, attributed to Jeremy Bentham, also argue that humans are naturally driven to seek pleasure and avoid pain. Therefore, in utilitarian ethics, just actions are those that maximize happiness, utility, and minimize unhappiness. Utilitarian ethics also argue that happiness must be maximized for the greatest number of people, rather than focusing on the individual pursuit of pleasure. Utilitarianisms strengths lie in its societal applications, allowing decision making bodies that benefit large groups, rather than looking purely individualistically. It also offers a stronger justification if one accepts the base principle that happiness is universally better than unhappiness. One of the main difficulties in applying utilitarian ethics is the challenge of quantifying happiness. It is impossible to empirically measure happiness. Utilitarianism also opens itself to hypotheticals that yield unpleasant results. Under pure utilitarianism, if it would increase the safety, and therefore happiness, of a society to torture or kill innocents suspected of a crime, it would follow that such action was ethically just. Subsequent utilitarians have offered more nuanced versions of the hedonic calculus and ideas of rule utilitarianism that look at overall moral rules
Classical utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory which holds that an action can only be considered as morally right where its consequences bring about the greatest amount of good to the greatest number (where 'good' is equal to pleasure minus pain). Likewise, an action is morally wrong where it fails to maximise good. Since it was first articulated in the late 19th Century by the likes of Jeremy Bentham and later John Stewart Mill, the classical approach to utilitarianism has since become the basis for many other consequentialist theories such as rule-utilitarianism and act-utilitarianism upon which this essay will focus (Driver, 2009). Though birthed from the same utilitarian principle of maximising good, rule-utilitarianism and act-utilitarianism provide two very different accounts on how the maximising of good should be approached. This essay will compare these two approaches and try to ascertain whether rule-utilitarianism is indeed preferable to act-utilitarianism.
Utilitarianism is one of the most commonly used ethical theories from the time it was formulated by Jeremy Bentham and John Stewart Mill in the nineteenth century. In his work, Utilitarianism, Bentham “sought to dispel misconceptions that morality has nothing to do with usefulness or utility or that morality is opposed to pleasure” (MacKinnon, 2012, p. 53). To simplify the utilitarian principle, which is one of utility, one can surmise that morality is equated with the greatest amount of utility or good for the greatest number of people (MacKinnon, 2012). Also, with its orientation to the “end or goal of actions” (MacKinnon, 2012, p. 54), Utilitarianism thus, espouses the consequentialist principle, e.g., the evaluation of any human
The moral philosophy of Utilitarianism includes a calculation of happiness, in which actions are considered to be good if they produce happiness and evil if they produce pain. Utilitarianism also considers at what extent happiness can be created not just for an individual, but also others whom may be affected. By following a Utilitarian moral philosophy, a person can assure the best possible situation for the most amounts of people affected by every action they make. Utilitarianism is the centered on happiness, as a concept, and tries to promote the idea. The vision here is that if all people seek happiness, it will result in the happiness for all humans and animals. In the case that one does not produce happiness, one should also strive to reduce unhappiness. As Utilitarianism is wholly focused on the utility of a person’s actions, it is called a “consequentialist” theory. I argue that Utilitarianism is the best moral philosophy to follow due to its versatility, ethicality, and production of happiness for all.
The ethical theory of utilitarianism is associated with the philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism essentially is the theory that good is what causes a person pleasure and evil is what causes a person pain. Bentham’s utilitarianism is sometimes titled Act Utilitarianism because it focuses on individual actions A “right” action, according to Betham, is one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Where a “wrong” action is one that would cause more pain than pleasure. Before a person commits an action, they should look at the consequences that it can have on the individual and others. Hedonic Calculus is a method in determining how much pleasure or pain an action will elicit. Hedonic Calculus consists of seven criteria including intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity and extent. Each criteria can be given a score between -10 (worst pain) to +10 (highest pleasure). The action becomes ethical and moral if there is an overall net happiness for everyone that is affected. An acti...
Bentham’s Utilitarianism sees the highest good as the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Jeremy Bentham believed that by adding up the amounts of pleasure and pain for each possible act we should be able to choose the good thing to do. Happiness equaled pleasure minus pain. Bentham provided a way of measuring pleasure and pain, he called it the hedonic calculus. There are seven criteria to this calculus. First being the intensity being measured – how strong is the pleasure. The second criteria, duration – how long will the pleasure last. The third, certainty – how likely or unlikely is the pleasure. Fourth, Propinquity - How far off in the future is the pleasure or pain. The fifth, fecundity – what is the likely hood that a succession of pleasure will follow. The sixth criteria, purity – What is the probability that the pain will lead to other pain. Lastly, is the extent – how many people will be affected. This calculus gave Bentham a method of testing whether an action is morally right in that if it was good it would result in the most pleasurable outcome, having weighed up all the elements. These factors weigh up the potential amount of pleasure or pain which might arise from moral actions to decide which would be the best option to take. Ideally this formula should determine which act has the best tendency and is therefore
The utilitarianism theory holds that an action is moral if it produces the greatest amount of good for the largest amount of people that are affected by the consequences of the action DeGeorge 44). Jeremy Bentham believed that one should measure the intensity, duration, certainty, remoteness, or purity and their opposites when evaluating for each person that is affected (DeGeorge 46). For example, a consequence that gives a more desirable quality like pleasure would be favored, just like if one would receive a good immediately rather than at a later time, the sooner would be favored. To know whether the action produces the absolute greatest good, one must compare it with alternative actions as well. To determine whether an action is moral or not, one should calculate the action and its opposite. An action is moral if it produces more good than harm and its opposite produces more harm than good. Utilitarianism should also be interpreted as requiring one to choose the best action among good actions. For example, if two actions produce the same amount of good, then they are both moral and either may be done (DeGeorge 47).
There comes a time where everyone is stuck in a position where the decision you have to make is based upon morals. “Should I do this or not”, “Is it right or not”, these are the questions that tend to frequently pop up. These decisions tend to be based off of pleasure being greater than the negative or sufferings. This particular moral decision that I will go over today is utilitarianism by John Stuart Mills a follow up on Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of utilitarianism was that he that believed “happiness could be quantified with actual math to reach the ethical answer to any given problem.” While Mills believed in utilitarian mathematical calculation and it figures out how many people are affected by an action, how it affects them, and whether the action is moral or immoral.
Using the utilitarian approach, one weighs the good and bad consequences when considering an action. If the good outweighs the bad, it is generally a good decision. This moral reasoning exists when a person ponders the consequences of an action by using utilitarian calculus. This is where an ethical math measures the consequences in the measurement of hedons (positives) and dolors (negatives). “For Bentham, pleasure and pain serve not only as explanations for action, but they also define one’s moral. It is, in short, on the basis of pleasures and pains, which can exist only in individuals, that Bentham thought one could construct a calculus of value”