This is an independent measures design, aiming to determine the preferred partner height between two groups of participants: male and female. The independent variables were the gender of the participants and their respective heights. The dependent variable was the preferred partner height, acceptable height range for a partner as well as satisfaction with partner height and partner height differences. The study involved the participants voluntarily being recruited to answer a short survey and provide basic socio-demographic information.
This research study should be classified as a quasi-experiment, as the independent variable (height and gender) is not manipulated by the researcher but occurs naturally. A true experimental design would have one single group, with a common measured outcome and participants randomly assigned. In this way, individual background variables such as gender do not that satisfy the requirements to be a true experiment since sex cannot purposefully be manipulated in this way. Furthermore, the participants were not randomly picked from the general population; instead all participants were instead first year psychology students from a large European university who participated in exchange for course credit.
A selection threat to validity has already been dealt with in this study only including heterosexual individuals. The reasoning behind this may be because homosexual participants would address the survey in respect to their own sexual orientation preferences; hence the answers provided by this group could vary or be more inconsistent as compared to the rest of the studied sample group, no studies having been done on homosexual height preferences as compared to their own. Therefore they have been excluded. Practically it would only involve asking their sexual orientation and not including their answers in the final results, whilst still allowing them to get course credit. These participants would have to be informed of the purpose of this study and be allowed to withdraw from investigation since their survey answers would not be included. Ethically, patients with same sex preferences may not wish to have their relationship preference or status known; hence confidentiality remains a small but prominent potential problem.
Furthermore, the self-report of the participant’s height is potential testing limitation, though in this paper referenced that self-assessment of height is relatively reliable. In most cases an overestimation of the participant’s height was expected. In a similar fashion, the accuracy of assessing heights of partners was found to be inaccurate, most often reporting a rounded number ending in either 0 or 5.
The perceived goal of children, or their parents, in Bailey’s article is to be of normal height at adulthood; but what is normal? The average height for American men is 5’9” and for women it is 5’4” (Bailey). According to Robert W. Steele, M.D., “alterations [in growth] may be in the form of a growth slow down, accelerated growth, or disproportionate grow...
Experimental research is the one type of research that allows psychologists to make causal statements. It is where the researcher changes one or more variables that may have an effect on some other variables (King, 2016). The hypothesis is a specific expectation about what is going to happen in the experiment (King, 2016). In the research, the hypothesis was that women would perceive fat talk to be more socially acceptable than men (Katrevich et al., 2014). The other elements of experimental method are dependent and independent variables. The independent variable (IV) is the cause of the results, and it is changed by the experimenter to find the effects, but the dependent vari...
2.) We began our study by interviewing a classmate, then interviewing another PLHS student for homework and recording our data. We then proceeded to fill out a Google form, which aided us in planting the anonymous data in a data table and combining it. Following that, we sorted and graphed the data by gender and ethnicity to see how different groups responded to each inquiry. Upon doing th...
closer the line of best fit is to 1; the more evidence there is to
It is very reasonable to conclude that research on depression of those who identify as gay, lesbian or transsexual is not accurate; there is an underreporting of people who identify as these sexual orientations because of the fear of being different. It is understood that those apart of the LGBTQ community actively hide their identity in hopes to avoid being rejected or abused (Bird, 2013). Once the reporting issue of having a smaller percentage of the actual representation of the LGBTQ population is put aside, there is evidence that highly suggests that lesbians and gay men are at higher risk for psychiatric disorders than heterosexuals (Cochran, 2001). Even after underreporting, there is still enough information to conclude that sexual discrimination can have harmful effects on the quality of life. Common factors that have been observed in lesbians and gays that can potentially increase depression during Cochran's study are anxiety and mood disorders and decreased self esteem. Cochran and her partner also noted that dissatisfaction with how one is treated beca...
Their first study was composed of 443 college students from two large universities in the Midwest. The participants were offered credit in their introductory psychology classes in return for their participation. They completed a questionnaire as part of their participation. 52% of the participants were men, and 48% were women. 94% were between the ages of 18 and 25. Only the 404 students that had complete data were used to set up the model that the experimenters formed. The second study tried to show any coincidence between the findings of American students and international ones.
A sample was taken of college students in a Personal Health Lab. The students were given one minute to complete as many sit-ups and push-ups they could and then record their results. The males and females reported their results to the classroom instructor, and an average for each of the tasks, was calculated.
The first method to be discussed and analysed are experimental methods. There is a variety of experimental methods including; laboratory, field and natural experiments. These methods are the most scientific method due to them being highly objective and systematic. In addition, this method is regarded as the most powerful research method used in psychology because of the potential to investigate the causes of events and therefore, identifying the cause and effect relationship. When carrying out an experiment the researcher intervenes directly in the situation being investigated. The researcher manipulates an independent variable (IV) in order to investigate whether there is a change in the dependent variable (DV). Any other variables that could have an
Confidence concerning the size of the population submitted to the questionnaire had provided enough margins to ensure the minimal distortion and pollution of the data by the odd responses possibly contaminating the overall outcome. With a range of double to five times the demanded sample by the author the instrument and the results could be observed with a substantial marge of safety and be coerced with strong validity.
The part that I conducted on the test involved the following related questions that lead the whole experiment, How old are you?, Gender?,
All the females who participated in this study were to undergo a series of steps. First, they were required...
In order to discuss the biology of gender identity and sexual orientation, it is necessary to first examine the differences between multiple definitions that are often mistakenly interchanged: sex, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Sexual orientation is defined by LeVay (2011) as “the trait that predisposes us to experience sexual attraction to people of the same sex as ourselves, to persons of the other sex, or to both sexes” (p. 1). The typical categories of sexual orientation are homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual. Vrangalova and Savin-Williams (2012) found that most people identify as heterosexual, but there are also groups of people that identify as mostly heterosexual and mostly gay within the three traditional categories (p. 89). This is to say that there are not three concrete groups, but sexual orientation is a continuum and one can even fluctuate on it over time. LeVay (2011) also defines gender as “the ...
The initial study, implemented in 2005, surveyed thirty people, who proclaimed they have “great sex”; the initial finding of these thirty people found six different components of optimal sexuality. With their follow up study,
Male Sexual Performance and Penis Size. Examining the connection between male sexual performance and penis size. Male sexual performance is such an important part of a man’s adult life. Sexual performance, is of paramount importance to the average man. It is important for so many reasons. First, a man’s performance in bed goes a long way in determining his sexual successes with women and consequently, his romantic relationships. Now this is very important because great relationships largely transit to great marital relationships as well and when women know that they will have a great romantic relationship with a man, the prospect of a long term formal relationship like marriage is even more exciting and reassuring for them. Believe it or not,
The limitations that my topic has is that I cannot ask students to disclose their sexual habits however I can overcome this by using their general attitude toward the subject. Some may not properly understand the ‘sexuality’ I am talking about however I will make sure I am available to answer any questions and I will explain the questions fully and simply. The target market has also been limited to 16 – 18 year olds to avoid asking the younger children who do not understand the concept I am researching and to make my data collecting