INTRODUCTION Citrus is important horticulture plant in theworld, member of family Rutaceae refers to all edible and rootstock species and a few closely related genera. India in the world is fifth largest nations to produce citrus fruit. (FAOUN- 2007).Citrus isnative to India and is used as a rootstock to commercially important citrus cultivars of Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis (Singh et al. 1978). Citrus fruits are grown throughout the world and are known for their fine flavor and quality.Citrus is the number one fruit of the world due to its high nutritional value, considerable production of fruit, fruit products and the citrus industry is considered to be major fruit industry.Citrus varieties are propagated by both sexual and asexual methods. Generally, citrus varieties are propagated sexually through seeds, while most of the commercial varieties are propagated by various asexual methods (ChaudharyM.I.1994).As many commercial crops, citrus is also subjected to various biotic stresses, where virus and viroid’s have been recognised as serious problem limiting the vigour,yield and quality. Severe infections have resulted in the exclusion of some cultivars fromcommercialusage. (Santos et al., 1984) reported that viral diseases aremajor threats …show more content…
In order to produce citrus trees with high productivity increased resistance to drought, pests and fungal diseases it has become an urgent necessity to shift to a rootstock. Traditional genetic plant improvement offers limitation for the production of new varieties of scion and rootstocks, and the new varieties produced so far were originated form natural selection and mutation. The first barrier met by researcher was related to the complex citrus biology, which has high nucellar polyembryony, high heterozygosis, auto incompatibility and a long juvenile period (Gmitter et al,
Modern biotechnology was born at the hands of American scientists Herb Boyer and Stain Cohen, when they developed “recombinant deoxyribonucleotide, (rDNA), [1] for medicinal purposes. Subsequently, biotechnologists started genetically engineering agricultural plants using this technology. A single gene responsible for a certain trait, from one organism (usually a bacterium) is selected altered and then ‘spliced” into the DNA of a plant to create an agricultural crop consisting of that...
Acer palmatum has many different varieties that have different colors, leaf shapes, and growth habits. The tree openly pollinates, which means that seeds from a specific cultivar will not be an exact clone of the parent tree. For this reason, propagation f...
Citrus fruit are not just used for fresh fruit and juice. It has many other uses. One is in jellies and in other preserves. Preserves include marmalades and crystallized fruits. A by-product of citrus production is ...
Citrus responds readily to nitrogen nutrition. Current and past research shows that if nitrogen is maintained in fall-sampled citrus leaves between 2.4 and 2.6 % on a dry-weight basis for oranges, and between 2.2 and 2.4 % for lemons, a good balance is struck between yield, size and fruit quality. The evidence linking nitrogen to puff, crease, smaller fruit size and staining does exist, but these negative effects are most significant at nitrogen levels greater than 2.6 % nitrogen. Some growers have decreased nitrogen applicati...
For citrus growers in Florida, the future is uncertain. Two bacterial diseases, named citrus canker and citrus greening disease, have devastated countless acres of trees across the state. For an industry that “generates about $8.9 billion a year,” this is no small issue (“Citrus Greening”). The Florida Citrus Grower’s Association would like to import a landrace of orange discovered in China that is resistant to citrus greening disease and test it in Florida to discover its effects on both citrus canker and greening. Although there are advantages to importing a resistant form of citrus, the risks greatly outweigh the potential benefits, and for this reason, the Association should begin to place its efforts towards the many alternative methods of control that are available.
“The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that circumcision has potential medical benefits and advantages, as well as risks. Evaluation of current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks and that the procedure's benefits justify access to this procedure for families who choose it, however, existing scientific evidence is not sufficient to recommend routine circumcision.” (n.d.).
Pomegranate Health Benefits Pomegranates are often considered as the healthiest fruit around. This is because they naturally have a large amount, specifically, 20% of your daily value needs, of Vitamin C, as well as large amounts of fiber which has immense effects on the overall health of your bloodstream. The most wanted attribute in pomegranates are their anti-oxidant properties. Antioxidants work to damage a certain type of cell called free radicals, which can damage brain cells. There have also been many other suggested but unproved benefits of the fruit, such as depression prevention. It is highly recommended that you include pomegranates in your diet, as the overall health benefit from them can 't be understated. Pomegranate Health
Every day, new worries arise concerning over-population and the future of earth. People are afraid of starvation and endemic diseases. The problem with present food production is not of land shortage, but of yields too low to feed a doubled world population. Plant geneticists are creating hybrid plants that have higher yields and more resistance to unwanted and harmful organisms. Even with the new plants, pesticides must be applied to reap the hybrid's full potential.
During ancient times, nearly 3300 BCE to 100 CE, many things were being established, for example municipalities and continual cultivation. In Sumaria (in modern Iraq), it was discovered that food, not only allow human beings to stay alive but it has an immense impact on people’s health. This was an introductory concept that influenced the discovery of Vitamins in general. But this notion was probably already known by even earlier medicine experts, at that time called shaman (Jacks, 2007). But in Sumeria and many other regions, this idea was studied in greater detail. Their information was recorded in a writing system called cuneiform, which incorporated different styles of writing; logo syllabic, syllabic and alphabetic scripts (Ancient Scripts, 2012). In 2012, Ancient Scripts stated that this method has been used for the longest period in history. The information was written on clay tablets, called clay tokens, seen in Figure 1.0. There are still some evidence of this type of script but the majority of the exertion on Vitamins cannot be found today (Jacks, 2007). They have been demolished with time or they are still obscured. Furthermore, in Ancient Egypt, certain foods were identified to improve health and recommended to the population. During the 1500 BC, humans already used fruits to treat health problems like scurvy, which was named thousands of years later.
Tomato fruit quality for the fresh market has been improved for over 30 years (Causse et al., 2001). Fruit quality was divided in to two parts, internal quality, and external quality (Mata, 2000). Mata (2000) also indicated that a wide range of tomato currently available in the market were of high yield and extraordinary external quality. Tomato fruit contribute to nutrition worldwide, and contain diverse antioxidant molecules (Sacco et al., 2013). Fruit quality of tomato is very important attribute for the cultivated tomato. That good quality may contribute to a reduction in the risk of certain type of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Causse et al., 2003).
Biotechnology can be defined as a “collection of tools for modifying tree physiology and genetics to aid breeding, propagation and research” (Burdon and Libby 2006). These tools include the use of tissue culture, genetic engineering (genetic modification) and the use of genetic markers for marker assisted breeding (Harry and Strauss 2010).
The freshly squeezed citrus juices of Lemon,lime and orange were analysed through titration over the period of 2 weeks. Initially the lime juice was found to be slightly more acidic than the other juices followed by lemon juice and then orange juice since it is known that usually lime is more acidic than lemon and orange. It was hypothesised that the acidity of each juice will increase or decrease after the period of two weeks depending upon the sugar content of that citrus fruit that the juice is extracted from. The acidity of the juice with the highest sugar level will gradually increase over the period of time since sugar contribute to the the fermentation of the citrus juice to lactic acid. The hypothesis was shown to be correct;however
Drinking lemon water is considered by numerous expert nutritionists as a genuine and clear weight-loss control. Far from a weight loss fable, however, relatively, a weight loss certainty, drinking lemon water assists to accelerate weight loss. Also having properties which are positive to weight loss, drinking lemon water also makes sure that a few of the poisons in your body are cleared out, encourages rapid bursts of energy and even cleans out a number of your inside waste. If you drink lemon water in the morning particularly, it will assist to make active your body's detoxifying procedure and as well it is organically a cleansing procedure. This main works proportionately, so the more lemon water you will drink, the more you will accelerate weight loss.
Over the last decade it has become more visible that the Florida citrus industry has taken a fall. A lack of fruit productions or the suddenly disappearing orange trees, the question arises “what is the cause of the downfall in the citrus industry?” From the time that citrus canker has showed up in Florida in 2005, it has done nothing but damage and hurt all citrus growers as well as the industry as a whole. Though citrus canker is a large topic only the cause and effects of canker in Florida as well as cure and preventatives will be discussed.
In this experiment, I discovered whether cooking food destroys potential vitamin levels. In this case, I focused on vitamin C in citrus fruits(oranges). You can, however, extend the experiment by testing other vitamins and foods as well! Vitamin C is a vitamin that is needed for normal growth and development throughout your body. It helps your body heal also. Vitamin C was first used to combat a sickness called Scurvy. Scurvy was common among those with poor access to fresh fruit and vegetables, such as remote, isolated sailors and soldiers, which means no access to vital vitamins and nutrients needed for the body to stay healthy. Scientists are now researching on how high doses of vitamin C can cure cancer cells and other deadly diseases, such as lymphoma. All in all, Vitamin C is vital to our health as well as life.