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Growing and sustaining brand equity
Creating brand equity
Positive brand equity
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According to Keller (2013), a brand comes in the form of a name, term, sign, symbol, or design or combination of these to distinguish goods and services of sellers from their competitors. Brand equity is defined in so many ways. Brand equity is known as the marketing outcomes that increase the product profitability with its brand name as compared to product that has no brand name (Anselmsson, Johansson, & Persson, 2007). The benefit of brand equity can be seen in the brand’s performance in market arena. One of the indicators in achieve brand equity is through enacting price premium. By measuring brand equity in preferences, quality, and satisfaction through price premium can provide strong power for firms and individuals. Price premium is measured based on the amount that consumers are willing to pay for a particular brand as compared to a non-brand product.
In this research, the importance of price of branding is taken into consideration. In the world of branded products, why is consumer willing to pay price premium for a particular product? Brand specific value is the reason a consumer is willing to pay extra (Buchanan and Gilles, 1990). Most of the time, a consumer that is more sensitive toward uncertainty of product quality available in the market. The uncertainty allows consumer to pay premium price to obtain a strong brand in order to avoid unwanted risk. For example, Rolex is often charged with price premium because it is famous for its performance and reliability (Rolex, 2014). A consumer is willing to pay higher price for a watch that has been established as a strong brand throughout the years of productions and good reviews from other consumers as compared to the risk of trying new brands that might not live up to t...
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...rgins because the brand extension is a part of the perceived attributes.
As a conclusion, understanding branding can give higher level of control over pricing and the demand for the product. Hence, the price of branding is a great way to increase the profitability of a company. The reluctance of consumer to take risk in buying a non familiar brand encourages consumer to pay a price premium to avoid the uncertainty. The positioning of a product forms an image that is used to enforce a premium price. There are various ways of branding where increase the price of branding can be obtained through the relationship between marketplace, the uniqueness of a product, and the quality and value of the product. The relationship formed between consumer and brand. When a brand is well-established, the ability to charge premium price for the branded products is an easier move.
People are often deceived by some famous brands, which they will buy as useless commodities to feel they are distinctive. People require brands to experience the feeling of being special. People spend their money to have something from famous brands, like a bag from Coach or Louis Vuitton which they think they need, yet all that is just people’s wants. Steve McKevitt claims that people give more thought on features or brands when they need to buy a product, “It might even be the case that you do need a phone to carry out your work and a car to get around in, but what brand it is and, to a large extent, what features it has are really just want” (McKevitt, 145), which that means people care about brands more than their needs. Having shoes from Louis Vuitton or shoes that cost $30 it is designed for the same use.
In every given business, the name itself portrays different meanings. This serves as the reference point and sometimes the basis of customers on what to expect within the company. Since personality affects product image (Langmeyer & Shank, 1994), the presence of brand helps in the realization of this concept. Traditionally, brand is a symbolic manifestation of all the information connected with a company, product, or service (Nilson, 2003; Olin, 2003). A brand is typically composed of a name, logo, and other visual elements such as images, colors, and icons (Gillooley & Varley, 2001; Laforet & Saunders, 1994)). It is believed that a brand puts an impression to the consumer on what to expect to the product or service being offered (Mere, 1995). In other application, brand may be referred as trademark, which is legally appropriate term. The brand is the most powerful weapon in the market (LePla & Parker, 1999). Brands possess personality in which people associate their experience. Oftentimes, they are related to the core values the company executes.
This argument is supported by Solomon (1992) with him discovering that purchase decision that is based on loyalty might become a habit which leads to brand equity. On the other hand, Aaker (1991) described brand loyalty as consumer’s mentality toward a brand that drives them to consistently purchase the same brand. As per Yoo (2000), brand loyalty has the ability to affect consumer choice to buy a same product or brand and cease to switch to other brands. Subsequently, Yoo (2000) reasoned out that brand loyalty is the root for brand’s value. Aaker (1991) additionally contended that brand loyalty is a fundamental component used to assess brand’s value due to the fact that brand loyalty can increase profitability. The consumers who are loyal to a brand will not assess the brand, instead they simply purchase it unquestionably based on their experiences with the brand (Sidek, Yee, and yahyah, 2008). The loyal customers bring advantages to a firm by cutting down costs, encouraging easier strategies implementation, providing time for responding to competitions, creating a barrier to entry, increasing sales volume, protecting firm against detrimental pricing and to retain rather than seek for customers (Aaker 1991; Rundle and Bennet, 2001). Loyal customers are also less incline to change to another brand simply because of pricing factor and they purchase more frequently compared to their non-loyal counterparts (Bowen and Shoemaker,
A customer’s response falls in two categories, judgment and feelings. Consumers are constantly making judgments about a brand. These judgments fall into four categories: quality, credibility, consideration, and superiority (Keller, 2001). Customers judge a brand based on its actual and perceived quality, and customers judge credibility using the perception of the company’s expertise, trustworthiness, and likability. To what extent is the brand seen as “competent, innovative, and a market leader,” “dependable and sensitive to the interest of customers,” and “fun, interesting, and worth spending time with” (Keller,
When comparing prices, consumers can find the exact same style Nike boot in Adidas and pay a lower price. Essentially what the consumer is paying extra for is the Nike brand. Looking back at my journal you can see I wore the Adidas boots one time, then went out and bought Nike boots. “Brand loyalty is based on an emotional connection toward the brand and a conscious commitment to find this brand each time the consumer purchases from this category.” 112 Brand Promotion I could have worn the Adidas boots for free but I spent the time and money to go purchase the Nike brand. “brand loyalty and advertising work together to create another important economic effect related to pricing flexibility and profits. When consumers are brand loyal, they are generally less sensitive to price increases for the brand.” 45 Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion Being able to raise prices but still keep the consumer market is very valuable. This is one of the main reasons brands strive to have brand loyal
...of brand equity in an organizational-buying context. Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 6(6), pp. 428-437.
People are buying the product which gives them prestige. Marketers have interest on consumer psychology and they are playing with every day by showing that their product will give prestige in the society. It’s true that the transparent societies now needs brands image. Marketers analyze the interest and needs of consumer than create the product according to the need of the society. Brand can attain the people attraction and the business can have the good reputation by giving satisfaction to consumer. If the brand gives satisfaction and function are according to the expectation of consumer than the brand gets good image on the mind of consumer. brand image is great weapon to use for the competitors it builds in years , at once the business gets brand image it has competitive edge from other brands in the market. When consumer rely on the brand the company can create the long term relation with the consumer, in other words (CRM) consumer relationship management. The brand image has effect on the choice of every individual there believe and attitude change their preferences. Brand image can be effected by price as price is an important part for consumer when they are making purchase decision if they find the value of brand is equal to the pricing they purchase that brand if not they refuse it. Similarly the image of brand can be effected by the attributes and features or
Companies use a collection of brand equities to represent their products in the market (Voolnes, 2012). Brand equity refers to the commercial value that is derived from the perception of consumers on any given brand name of particular products in the market as opposed to the product itself. Ataman (2003) notes that the effect to the consumer is in the brand name and not the product itself. Companies use logos, trademarks and a collection of other symbols to present this information to the customers. The use of these symbols is meant to try and capture the customer mindset so that they can be thinking about the company products at all times through the items they possess at home (Estes, Gibbert, Guest, & Mazursk, 2012). This can well be explained by use of the customer-based brand equity model that brings together the requirements for a publicly renowned brand in the market.
Definition; - “brand equity is the added value endowed on products and services. It may be reflected in the way consumer think, feel, and act with respect to the brand, as well as in the price, market share and profitability the brand commands.”(Kolter and Keller.2012, p265) according to the case study of Holland and Barrett, brand equity refers to high brand value, brand with high value equity means, H&B has the ability to create some sort of positiv...
3] Keller, K.L. (1993) Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing 57, 1–22.
A company’s brand is one of its most valuable assets (Green and Smith 2002). Brands owners invest millions of dollars every year in advertising and promotion to raise awareness and create demand for their brands.
Today's modern concept of branding grew out of the consumer packaged goods industry and the process of branding has come to include much more than just creating a way to identify a product or company. Branding is used to create emotional attachment to products and companies. Branding efforts create a feeling of involvement, a sense of higher quality, and an aura of intangible qualities that surround the brand name, mark, or symbol.
Brand positioning refers to “target consumer’s” reason to buy your brand in preference to others. It involves identifying and determining points of similarity and difference to ascertain the right brand identity and to create a proper brand image. A significant differential advantage can lead customers to focus on product benefits other than price. Brand Positioning is the key of marketing strategy. A strong brand positioning directs marketing strategy by explaining the brand details, the uniqueness of brand and it’s similarity with the competitive brands, as well as the reasons for buying and using that specific brand. Positioning is the base for developing and increasing the required knowledge and perceptions of the customers. It is the single feature that sets your service apart from your competitors.
In conclusion, the customer- based brand equity model is an important platform that may help in building a strong brand. It could assist a company in assessing its progress as well as providing a blueprint for marketing research activities. If properly planned and implemented, it could help the company in achieving its marketing strategies and in the realization of an increased profit margin
There are many elements affecting to the success of a launching. The basic factor is to develop product that satisfies consumers’ demands and maintain the brand promise. However, consumers are not only looking for the quality of product but also concerning about the price, the promotion and so on.