In 2004, the United States Pharmacopeia put into place strict rules and regulations to govern aseptic preparation (Johnston,12). These regulations cover areas like: facility design, microbial contamination risk levels, personal training, atmosphere of the clean room, proper dress, and quality assurance (Johnston,12). A part of all this is to prepare the medications in germ free conditions, especially if the medication in question is going to be given intravenously (Johnston,12). USP 797 helps provide a safer environment for the production of sterile compounded medication to help save lives (Johnston,12).
The USP chapter <797> entails “Pharmaceutical Compounding – Sterile Preparations”, the intent of this is to help prevent death to patients being treated with compounded sterile products from germ contamination (“USP 797 standards and Guidelines”). Anyone who works with medications that require a germ free environment to be compounded or prepared needs to comply with this chapter (“USP 797 standards and Guidelines”) . Guidelines focused on in USP 797 include: responsibility of compounding personnel, which covers the responsibility in compounding products, as well as labeling, storing and dispensing properly(Johnston,12); contamination risks, which divides products into categories based on the risks of contamination (Johnston,12); personnel training and evaluation, that gives rules that personnel follow to make a sterile product (Johnston,12); Immediate use of compounded sterile products, that governs how to handle products compounded in the event of an emergency or simply needed immediately (Johnston,12); single and multi dose containers, that compares single dose containers and multi-dose, which includes their dates of expi...
... middle of paper ...
...n to cover clothing that may be contaminated and add to the air contamination (Johnston,20); and finally scrubs, the preferred clothing for work in an sterile compounding area (Johnston,20).
In conclusion, USP chapter 797 help provide guidelines for the proper procedures and standards that all who work in a clean room must comply with to compound products in a sterile environment (Johnston,12). From the proper way to wash your hands to how to keep contamination to a minimum, it overall makes the preparation of medical products safer for patients (Johnston,12).
Works Cited
1. Johnston, Mike. Sterile Products and Aseptic Techniques for the Pharmacy Technician. 2nd edition. New Jersey: Alexander, 2010. print.
2. USP 797 Standards and Guidelines with USP 797 Testing Lab Services. EMLab P&K. Web. February 15, 2014.
During my clinical placement at Fremantle hospital, I ensured that I read and understood all policies and procedures of hospital. I also got myself familiarized with infection control and risk and safety guidelines so that I could follow them properly in need. I also come to know the importance of wearing personal protective clothing (PPE) in relation to different disease conditions. I also come to know that as a nursing student I am not allowed to check or administered schedule 4 and schedule 8 drugs and not even could hold the keys for locked cupboard. During my first week, I come across a patient who was on vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) control precautions with episode of stroke and left sided weakness. In this case, prior going to patient’s room, the necessary PPE required was gown, gloves with mask and goggles as extra precautions if needed. I noticed one of the occupational therapist went to
Yacopetti, N., Davidson, P., Blacka, J., & Spencer, T. (2013). Preventing contamination at the time of central venous catheter insertion: a literature review and recommendations for clinical practice. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 22(5/6), 611-620. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04340.x
The extern washing her hands before setting up the examination room is important because she will be touching sterilized equipment, and in order to prevent cross contamination, gloves and hand hygiene is not only important but necessary.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines hand hygiene as, “a general term that applies to routine hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, antiseptic hand rub, or surgical hand antisepsis.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013) The idea of hand washing has been around for centuries. In the mid-1800’s Ignaz Semmelweis established that hospital-acquired diseases were transmitted via the hands of health care workers. After Semmelweis observed physicians and health care workers in the obstetric setting and studied mortality rates he recommended that hands be scrubbed in a chlorinated lime solution before coming in contact with every patient. Following the implementation of Semmelweis’s recommendation mortality rates associated with childbirth fell from seven percent to three percent. Although Semmelweis observation and recommendations were significant fellow physicians and colleagues did not adopt them. The 1980’s posed as a crucial time for health care in the sense of hand hygiene. This was when the first national hand hygiene guidelines were published in the 1980s. In 1995 and 1996, the CDC/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in the USA suggested that either antimicrobial soap or a waterless antiseptic agent be use...
...umented immediately after administration to prevent errors in documentation (Potter, 2013). All six of these rights are to be complete three times before a medication is given (Potter, 2013). The first of these three checks is done when removing the medications from the storage unit (Potter, 2013). The next check is done when removing the medications from the container they are in, and the final check is done at the patient’s bedside just before administration (Potter, 2013).
Policies and procedures are guidelines that are instituted and followed by organizational staff to perform skills or interventions safely and proficiently. Examined below is the policy and procedure for nursing staff to obtain blood cultures via central catheters. Also mentioned below is the survey of five unit nurses performing this procedure and possible deviations taken from the current Salem Hospital policy. Possible reasons of not following an institution’s policy and procedure guidelines, consequences of not following evidence-based practice, and proper response when discovering unsafe practice are also researched.
Comment on class result with respect to differences in filter types, differences in filter assemblies, and overall on the confidence you would have in using this type of sterilisation process in preparation of pharmaceutical products. List the factors that may cause contamination during filtration. (20 marks)
Pharmacy is a booming field when it comes to medicine, but it certainly has controversial issues such as compounding drugs. While the practice of making drugs customized to a patient seems ethical, there are problems that come along with it. Drug compounding was the norm in the past, but over time consumers began to see issues with it. Drug compounding still occurs to this day because some patients do need medicine specifically tailored to their needs. Compounding has also been the focus of recent disasters, some of which occurred less than two years ago. Whatever side one may take on this issue, it is clear that compounding medicine will be a polarizing issue for years to come.
risk, for drugs and medical devices, weighing risks against benefits is at the core of
contamination, toxicity, and side effects. Most people believe these medications are compounded or mixed by a trained and licensed individual. However, this is inaccurate because the pharmacy technician actually compounds a large percentage of a patient’s medications. Compounding involves a techn...
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become a serious problem for patient safety worldwide, and their prevention is a high priority (World Health Organisation, 2009). Because of the severity of the problem, many hand hygiene guidelines and compliance initiatives have been promoted by large organisations such as the World Health Organisations(WHO) (Hand Hygiene Australia, 2013 ). Numerous studies have proved that HAIs are often transmitted via the hands of HCWs, therefore hand hygiene is paramount, and it is believed to be the most important measure for preventing HAIs (World Health Organisation, 2009).In September 2007, " Uniforms and Workwear : An Evidence Base for Local Guidelines” was introduced by the Department of Health in the UK. (Department of Health, 2007). It is now well known as the BBE guideli...
There are many ways infectious agents can be spread. These may include; skin to skin contact, contaminated objects, body fluid contact, and can even be airborne. Since these pathogens are easily spread, hand hygiene needs to be performed many times a day, all day. Other ways nurses can control the spread of infection is by using the proper PPE while assisting patients with different illnesses. For example, a nurse dealing with contact precautions would be wearing gloves and a gown, but when a nurse is dealing with droplet precautions, gloves, a mask and a gown would need to be worn. Most PPE items are disposable and need to be taken off immediately after exposure to an infected patient. This helps to stop the spread of infections from
In relation to a perioperative client, the goals include the use of two correct patient identifiers, such as the client name and date of birth, labeling of medication and containers, maintaining and communicating information accurately on client medications, and lastly using evidence-based practices to prevent surgical infections. Performing the client verification by each member of the team will ensure that the correct client and procedure match. In the surgical setting, the use of labeled medications and containers is necessary. This follows along the principles of safe medication administration but prevents a medication error. In preventing the error and being safe, we must know what each item in the room is to ensure that the client receives proper medication and or...
In conclusion, my overall impression is that this article is very useful to understand that cross-contaminations can be control by the use of effective hand hygiene. It is not only washing hands between patients or sanitizing only because our hands looks clean, it is a matter of knowing when and why we are risking patients if inappropriate technique is used, in few words: knowledge, commitment and responsibility.
Multiple steps are conducted to ensure that medications received and administered to nursing facility residents are the intended ones. Nursing facility regulations specify that the facility “must develop and implement appropriate policies and procedures for accurate acquiring, receiving, and administering of all medications” (CMS, 2014). Before medications are packed for delivery, a LTCP employee checks that individual content of a package match the prescription label on the package (CMS, 2014). It is crucial for the nursing staff to be conscientious on the order submission cut-off time so the medications can be delivered as soon as possible.