one of the most dangerous and deadly curses’ ever placed on humankind. Even illnesses as terrible as the plague, cholera, and yellow fever have not had such a universal effect. Smallpox is a parasitic virus (a virus destructive to the host) called variola. It’s considered to be a “crowd disease”, spreading only through people and requiring a large densely populated area to survive. If the virus is cut off from new host bodies it dies out. Smallpox is spread by what is called “droplet infection.” “Droplets”
adopted the Monist stance (i.e. Community Law automatically becomes UK law) then judges have little option in some areas of law, but to follow Ec laws/Treaties. This comes via the European Communities Act 1972(S.2) and is affirmed in Ec case law 34/73 Variola 1973.National judges must also consider that Ec directives are part of domestic law and thus have legal existence even before their confirmation into national law. National judges must also consider that Ec Law regarding matters that come before
Orthopoxvirus variola is the virus responsible for the well-known smallpox disease. It belongs to the Poxviridae family which is further split into the subfamilies Entomopoxivirinae which only affects insects, and Chordopoxivirinae which infects vertebrae (Hughes). It is in group one of the Baltimore Classification since it possesses double-stranded DNA. This group also includes viruses in the Herpesviridae family, certain bacteriophages, as well as the mimivirus. The linear genome consists of approximately
Differentiating Symptoms between Variola minor and major Smallpox is a very virulent disease that has many accompanying symptoms. The two major forms of smallpox, Variola major and Variola minor have many concurring symptoms that follow an identical course. However, major has some distinguishing symptoms that minor does not. These include hemorrhaging and internal and external bleeding. These extreme symptoms are the reason why major, the more common of the two forms, has a 30% fatality rate whereas
Epidemic of 1775-82 by Elizabeth A. Fenn, the author provides a fresh outlook on the face of North America during the time of the American Revolution. Fenn provides the reader with a perspective of the American Revolution from the vantage point of the variola virus and its effect on the population of North America. Her thesis for the book is, “While colonial independence reshaped global politics forever, the contagion was the defining and determining event of the era for many residents of North America
Smallpox is a very dangerous and in almost every case, fatal disease. There are two types of smallpox: variola major and variola minor. Variola Major consists of four categories ordinary (this is the most common), flat, and hemorrhagic. Variola Major only has an overall fatality rate of 30%. Flat and Hemorrhagic are the two most deadly type of Variola major. Smallpox looks like a very red, puffy, and raised rash. Smallpox is an very dangerous and contagious disease that has been present throughout
Smallpox is an acute contagious disease cause by the variola virus, a member of the poxvirus family. The only host of this disease is through human. It is transmitted through close contact. The name smallpox is derived from Latin word for “spotted” and then refers to the raised bumps that appear on the face and body of an infected person. There are two kinds of smallpox; Variola major and Variola minor. Variola major is the most severe one and most common smallpox with extensive rash and high fever
Pandemics and epidemics are diseases that affect many people all over the world. They cause millions of deaths and leave many people sick. Most epidemics are contagious and spread very quickly. One kind of epidemic is the variola virus. Variola virus is most known by the name smallpox. it got it’s nickname from the small blisters that appear on the face and arms. Smallpox is believed to have originated in Egypt or Northeastern Africa about 10,000 years ago. It soon reached Asia during the middle
Bioterrorism: Smallpox Smallpox is a highly infectious and fatal disease caused by the Variola virus. It causes extremely painful pustules to sprout across the entire body. Spread from human to human, it has since been eradicated from the world through the efforts of the World Health Organization. However, there is a distinct possibility that it may be reintroduced through bioterrorism. Biological weapons may cause another pandemic to erupt across the world and kill millions of individuals. Through
This is a disease that only affects humans.This disease is a serious, highly contagious, and often life-threatening infection marked by a rash of round pox (blisters) on the face, arms, and legs. It is caused by the Variola virus. The last case of smallpox in the United States was in 1949. n addition to flu-like symptoms, patients also experience a rash that appears first on the face, hands and forearms, and then later appears on the trunk. People may experience in
smallpox,but what is smallpox? How did it start? Is the virus still active? What is its history? No matter what your question is (In regarding to smallpox) it will be answered today in my essay. Smallpox is a disease caused by the complicated variola virus.The result of smallpox is a high fever and pus filled blisters on the skin. Smallpox is spread through saliva , coughs/sneezes, sharing of needles,and skin to skin contact. Smallpox has been around since or before 3000 years ago with the earliest
Monkeypox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus. It is a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus and the family Poxviridae. This family also includes variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, as well as cowpox virus, and vaccinia virus. Humans are not generally the primary host for any member of the Poxviridae family, though the variola virus was devastating to the human population (Likos et al., 2005). The first cases of human infections were reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970
One of the world’s most dreaded plagues for centuries, smallpox is now eradicated. Vaccination programs were pushed worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the disease was eliminated from the world. This push resulted in the last naturally occurring case in the world being almost 40 years ago. Once eradicated the once routine or mandatory vaccinations were stopped for the general public and it was deemed no longer necessary to prevent the disease. Although currently eradicated worldwide
2014). There are two clinical forms of smallpox: Variola major and minor. Variola major is the most common and severe form. There are four types of Variola minor: Ordinary, modified, malignant, and hemorrhagic. Ordinary is the most common form, and its case-fatality rate is near 30%. Modified is a milder form and smallpox is rarely fatal in this case. Malignant smallpox’s fatality rate, however, is near 97%, and Hemorrhagic is roughly at 100%. Variola minor is less common and less severe than its
similar to the description of a variola virus. Part of the idea of where this disease came from is unknown and where the origin of this disease is very much not clear. This disease that is known to be contagious and deadly at times is called smallpox. The early civilization had believed smallpox was originated from Africa and soon had spread though out the world like China and India (Fenn, 2003). Smallpox is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that is cause by a Variola virus, a member of the orthopox
vaccine is successful. The vaccine is made from live vaccinia virus strain and is manufactured by using modern cell-culture techniques stocked in a lyophilized. The vaccinia vaccine helps the human body fight against the infection caused by the variola virus and also trigger robust T and B cell responses that target a wide array of viral proteins (Kennedy, et al., 2009). The vaccine can be administered through several quick puncture on the upper arm with a two-pronged needle known as bifurcate,
Cause and Effects of Smallpox Smallpox is caused by the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago. Smallpox is a specific, infectious, and highly contagious febrile disease known only to be transmitted by humans. It is caused by a virus from air currents which are eventually passed on from person to person. Smallpox varies from a mild form without skin manifestations to a highly fatal hemorrhagic form. Edward Jenner, an English physician, discovered a means of preventing
to use their authority to improve the health of their populations. The eradication of small pox is an example of global health success. Smallpox disease was a serious, highly contagious and often life threatening infection that was caused by the Variola virus and those who were infected by it had violent fevers, a rash of round pox(blisters) on their face, arms and legs (CDC, 2017). People became infected with the virus by touching or breathing in the smallpox virus, not everyone who was exposed
The Vaccination and Eradication of Smallpox Smallpox, a disease caused by the variola virus, has devastated humanity for many centuries. Because of its high mortality rate, civilizations around the world sought to protect themselves from this disease. Throughout the 1700's, these protective methods became more sophisticated, and led up to Edward Jenner’s vaccination method in 1796. Indeed, the World Health Organization, the Center for Disease Control and the Agency for International Development
History and Eradication of Smallpox The smallpox virus has affected the human species for centuries. It has been recorded as early as 1350 BC in ancient Egypt.The smallpox disease is caused by the Variola virus which only inhabits the human organism. There are two forms of the disease major and minor. The major has a mortality rate of 20-40% of untreated individuals. Though major and minor eventually run the same course and the outcome is the same, the major has symptoms that are distinct from