Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. As oxidative stress might be an important part of many human diseases, the use of antioxidants in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals is intensively studied. Natural antioxidants have been the focus of considerable interest in recent times [22]. To date antioxidant activity of E. cava has
Oxidative stress promotion: Disturbance of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favour of the former is termed as oxidative stress (Aly et al. 2010; Uchendu et al. 2012). The outcome of this multistep process is tissue damage which builds a path from the onset of tissue damage through diseases to finally apoptosis (Agrawal and Sharma 2010). Damage induced by oxidative stress occurs through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which includes oxygen derived free radicals such as superoxide
Despite the improvement in surgical techniques, anesthesia and post operative care, cardiac surgery with the use of extra corporal circulation is associated with oxidative stress.(Gerristen,W.B. etal.,1997; Matata,B.M.et al.,2000) 6, 23 As a response to oxidative stress, the systemic inflammation is enhanced that leads to AKI, which is one of the most important post cardio thoracic complications. ( Baker,W. etal., 2009) 24 The timely and early diagnosis of AKI is imperative to institute therapeutic
Brain oxidative stress due to mobile phone radiation Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons in their outer orbit. Free radicals derived from oxygen are known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are continuously neutralized by a system of antioxidants (Desai et al., 2009). The brain appears to be especially vulnerable to free radicals. Although the brain represents only 2% of the body weight in humans, it utilizes 20% of the oxygen supply of the body (Clarke and Sokoloff
Oxidative stress High oxidative a stress is known to cause global cellular damage by creating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which causes damage to proteins, lipids and DNA (15, 82). Oxidative stress increases protein phosphorylation, causing changes to signaling pathways. For example, several phosphatases involved in cancer, apoptosis and aging are inactivated under conditions of high oxidative stress (26). ROS is a known contributor to several diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s
of normal cellular metabolism, oxidative products i.e. oxygen free radicals or reactive oxygen species are produced. In eukaryotic cells energy is generated in mitochondria as a result of aerobic respiration and this oxidative metabolism is responsible for formation of various compounds. Nearly all of these compounds are advantageous but a small proportion could be lethal if produced in higher concentration. During normal conditions small quantities of oxidative products are necessary for certain
and oxidative metabolism in relation to retinal function. J Gen Physiol 1981; 77: 667-92. (8) TRUDEAU K, MOLINA AJ, GUO W, ROY S. High Glucose Disrupts Mitochondrial Morphology in Retinal Endothelial Cells : Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy. Am J Pathol 2010; 177: 447-55. (9) FREY T, ANTONETTI DA. Alterations to the blood-retinal barrier in diabetes: cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15: 1271-84. (10) XIE L, ZHU X, HU Y, et al. Mitochondrial DNA oxidative damage
mechanism underlying EPC dysfunction in diabetes. In summary, we have demonstrated that early diabetes caused BM-EPC dysfunction which not related to oxidative stress mechanism. Moreover the endogenous antioxidant enzymes as defense system are showed to be comparable as control, which suggest well function of them. Our result indicates that oxidative stress is not the cause of EPC dysfunction in early diabetes, thus may give new insight and consideration for the efficacy of antioxidant therapeutic. Clinically
Introduction Oxidative stress is essentially defined as the imbalance in the equilibrium of antioxidants systems in the human body. Oxidative damage in aerobic organisms can be caused by certain molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These reactive species are ones that cause oxidative damage in biomolecules. In order to maintain equilibrium of these substances, the human body has various endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 proteins which have evolved to defend against any harmful effects
Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of the CW on HM removal from the YR water A summary of the concentrations of the major contaminations in the water samples from the YR and CW is given in Table 1. The concentration of the HMs in the water from the CW system were much lower than that from the YR throughout the experimental period. The average removal rates (RRs) in the CW were 86.2%, 61.7%, 82.9%, and 76.7% for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, (that is, in the order Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu), showing that the