Mitochondria
Mitochondria are responsible for energy production. They are also the responsible location for which respiration takes place. Mitochondria contain enzymes that help convert food material into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which can be used directly by the cell as an energy source. Mitochondria tend to be concentrated near cellular structures that require large inputs of energy, such as the flagellum. The role of the mitochondria is very important in respiration.
In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate or fatty acids, can be further oxidized in the mitochondria. Each mitochondrion is enclosed by two membranes separated by an intermembrane space. The intermembrane space extends into the folds of the inner membrane called cristae which dramatically increase the surface area of the inner membrane. Cristae extend into a dense material called the matrix, an area which contains RNA, DNA, proteins, ribosomes and range of solutes. This is similar to the contents of the chloroplast stroma and like the chloroplast, the mitochondrion is a semi-autonomous organelles containing the machinery for the production of some of its own proteins. The main function of the mitochondrion is the oxidation of the pyruvate derived from glycolysis and related processes to produce the ATP required to perform cellular work.(Campbell
182-9)
Pyruvate, or fatty acids from the breakdown of triglycerides or phospholipids, pass easily through pores in the outer mitochondrial membrane made up of a channel protein called porin. The inner membrane is a more significant barrier and specific transport proteins exist to carry pyruvate and fatty acids into the matrix. Once inside the matrix, pyruvate and fatty acids are converted to the two carbon compound acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). For pyruvate this involves a decarboxylation step which removes one of the three carbons of pyruvate as carbon dioxide. The energy released by the oxidation of pyruvate at this stage is used to reduce NAD to NADH. (185)
The C2 acetyl CoA is then taken into a sequence of reactions known as
Krebs cycle which completes the oxidation of carbon and regenerates an acceptor to keep the cycle going. The oxidation of the carbon is accompanied by the reduction of electron acceptors and the production of some ATP by substrate phosphorylation. The C2 acetyl CoA is coupled to oxaloacetate, a C4 acceptor in the cycle. The product is citrate a C6 compound. This first product, citrate, is the reason the cycle is sometimes called the citric acid or ticarboxylic acid cycle, referring it after the scientist whose lab most advanced our understanding of it, Sir Hans Krebs. (Comptons 160)
Two of the early reactions of the cycle are decarboxylations which shorten citrate to succinate a C4 compound.
Every story, every book, every legend, every belief and every poem have a reason and a background that creates them. Some might be based on historical events, some might be based on every culture´s beliefs, and some others might be based on personal experiences of the authors. When a person writes a literary piece, that person is looking for a way to express her opinion or her feelings about a certain situation. A good example is the poem “Southern Mansion” by Arna Bonptems. The main intention of “Southern Mansion” could have been to complain, or to stand against the discrimination and exploitation of black people throughout history. However, as one starts to read, to avoid thinking about unnatural beings wandering around the scene that is depicted is impossible. The poem “Southern Mansion” represents a vivid image of a typical ghost story which includes the traditional element of the haunted house. This image is recreated by the two prominent and contradictory elements constantly presented through the poem: sound and silence. The elements are used in two leading ways, each one separate to represent sound or silence, and together to represent sound and silence at the same time. The poem mixes the two elements in order to create the spooky environment.
Exploring the Ways in Which Organisms Use ATP The major energy currency molecule of the cell, ATP, is evaluated in the context of creationism. This complex molecule is critical for all life from the simplest to the most complex. It is only one of millions of enormously intricate nanomachines that needs to have been designed in order for life to exist on earth. This molecule is an excellent example of irreducible complexity because it is necessary in its entirety in order for even the simplest form of life to survive.
The transgendered youth has had difficulties with meeting people in the outside world of the internet. Sci:dentity is an exposition that gave transgendered youth a space to be comfortable from their everyday lives. This was a place where people could explore to understand and identify themselves however they felt was right. According to the article, “sixteen of the eighteen participants had never met another trans person in “real life” before coming along to the workshops” (Rooker 2010). Most participants had met people in online spaces which offered them support and information that they may have questions about. People in rural areas are also using online spaces to become part of the community. The internet has become an outlet to learn and to reach out to people who are have the same interests. In rural areas, there are “material dependencies on structures of familiarity and the value placed on conformity as a sign of solidarity intensify the visibility of compulsory heterosexuality’s hegemonic sexual and gender norms” (Gray, 2009). These ideas make people create relationships with an exterior community that may understand what it feels like to come out in a place where conformity and certain gender norms are the only ideas people believe in.
Insomnia can be linked to depression, heart failure, dramatic life events, and other medical issues. Curing these problems will help you get a better nights rest. It is really rare for someone to have insomnia and no other medical conditions. If this is the case, then curing or helping insomnia is far harder, although relaxation treatments may help.
Sleep disorders are a very serious problem for a lot of people. It affects a lot of people 's lives, requiring them to have to live a very different life than the average person. The five most commonly known sleep disorders are insomnia, sleep apnea, sleepwalking, and narcolepsy. Sleep insomnia is when you have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep even when you have a chance to do so. Sleep apnea is when you have trouble breathing when you’re asleep. Sleepwalking is when you’re in a deep sleep and you start to walk around or perform some kind of complex behavior. People that are affected by these disorders have a very hard time either getting to sleep or staying asleep. I will be explaining what all of these disorders are and how they affect
To begin, one type of insomnia is called transient insomnia. This is a type of insomnia that can last anywhere from a couple days to a week transient insomnia doesn’t usually last longer than a week. Transient insomnia can be caused by very traumatic major life events or can also be caused by a more miniscule life events. For example a major life event to cause those type of insomnia is a chronic illness. Smaller life events that can cause insomnia may include immense stress about
The mitochondria produces food for the cell by converting energy the cell needs. The mitochondria and the nucleus are two organelles within a cell that have many of the same similarities. Both organelles are made of two membranes. These layers isolate within the organelle all things considered, yet have protein channels that permit things to go in and out. Both contain DNA material that conveys qualities that encode for proteins. Both have qualities that make ribosomes, the machines that read the guidelines in RNA to make
“Transient insomnia can be caused by temporary situations like arguments, medical illness and jet lag. On the other hand chronic insomnia has many causes. Sleep apnea, over use of caffeine, anxiety disorders, stress and several other factors. The symptoms of insomnia can be noticed right in the morning. When you wake up and are not feeling refreshed from a nights sleep. A person may have difficulty sleeping, toss and turn for hours or fall asleep easily but are awakened very early in the morning. To diagnose a person with insomnia, a patient may keep a record for two weeks of their sleeping patterns, food intake, exercise, etc., and then a physician can base their diagnosis by the reported signs and symptoms. If an insomnia patient does not respond to treatments then they may have a sleeping disorder that requires a specialist” (“Insomnia Encyclopedia“).
Sex and gender make up one of the most basic functions in our society. Gender helps delineate tasks and how we refer to people, and is reinforced for us throughout our lives (Lorber 2006). Gender interacts with sex in varying ways (Disch 2006). Those who are not strictly heterosexual male or female are not readily accepted and face adversity as they bend gender and defy sex.
According to our text, Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, 2010, pg. 78. 94. Cellular respiration is stated as “The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis”.
According to the National Sleep Foundation, there are five different types of insomnia: Acute, Chronic, Comorbid, Onset, and Maintenance insomnia. Acute Insomnia is a brief period of time where it is difficult to sleep is usually caused by an event in the individual's personal life and can be resolved without having to receive treatment. Chronic Insomnia is a period where the person has difficulty staying asleep or falling asleep and it has to happen at least three times a week for about three months or longer. Comorbid Insomnia is only when insomnia happens with a different medical condition. Onset Insomnia is when an individual is having trouble falling asleep at the beginning of the night. Finally, Maintenance Insomnia is when an individual has a hard time staying asleep during the night, they wake up in the middle of the night and can not fall back asleep.(What are Different Types of Insomnia?)
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. People who have insomnia have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. As a result, they may get an little amount of sleep or have a poor-quality of sleep. They may not feel refreshed when they wake up. There are four types of Insomnia. One is called Primary Insomnia; Primary Insomnia dictates that a person is having problems sleeping that are not directly correlated with any other health condition or problem. Then there is Secondary Insomnia, Secondary Insomnia indicates that a person is having sleep problems due to something else, such as a preexisting health condition. Acute Insomnia is short-term insomnia with minimum problems. Chronic Insomnia is ongoing and may have more problems. Many different things in everyday life can cause Insomnia. Symptoms can vary to, people may find themselves waking up in the middle of the night, or just can't sleep at all. Treatments may very also, different sufferers may try different treatments to help their problem.
The transgendered youth has had difficulties with meeting people in the outside world of the internet. Sci:dentity is an exposition that gave transgendered youth a space to be comfortable from their everyday lives. This was a place where people could explore to understand and identify themselves however they felt was right. According to the article, “sixteen of the eighteen participants had never met another trans person in “real life” before coming along to the workshops” (Rooke 2010). Most participants had met people in online spaces which offered them support and information that they may have questions about. People in rural areas are also using online spaces to become part of the community. The internet has become an outlet to learn and to reach out to people who have the same interests. In rural areas, there are “material dependencies on structures of familiarity and the value placed on conformity as a sign of solidarity intensify the visibility of compulsory heterosexuality’s hegemonic sexual and gender norms” (Gray, 2009). These ideas make people create relationships with an exterior community that may understand what it feels like to come out in a place where conformity and certain gender norms are the only ideas people believe in.
Cell sap is contained in the vacuole of a cell and is a part glucose,