Heat Transfer Through Extended Surface 1. Objective To determine the temperature distribution and heat flow along the extended surface and comparing the data with theoretical analysis 2. Equipment Required Heat transfer service unit Extended surface heat transfer accessory Data logging accessory 3. Theory The term extended surface is commonly used to depict an important special case involving heat transfer by conduction within a solid and heat transfer by convection (and/or radiation) from the
ABSTRACT A Heat Exchanger is a device use for the heat transfer from one fluid to another, whether the fluids are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix or the fluids are directly in contact. The heat exchanger is widely used in different industries such as process, petroleum refining, chemicals and paper, power generation, chemical processing, A.C, refrigeration, and a food processing applications. Etc. Various Enhancement methods are used to increase performance of heat exchanger such
of heat transfer from on fluid to another: conduction, convection and radiation. The typical stew pot or clay oven exchanges heat between the heat source and the food through conduction. The most common
performance of a heat exchanger depends upon various parameters like inlet temperature of a hot fluid, type of hot fluid, type of cold fluid, shape of baffles, material of baffles, baffles angle and property of ribs. Basically fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are largely depends upon the Reynolds number (Re). Reynolds number is basically the ratio of inertia force to viscous force. Re is only the factor by which we can decide whether the fluid is laminar or turbulent in shell and tube
Consider the parallel flow of two viscous fluids in an infinite, fully saturated, uniform, homogeneous and isotropic two porous media with the Darcy's coefficients and . The statically stable situation was considered, so the upper fluid is assumed the lighter (vapor) while the lower one is assumed to be the heaver (liquid). The two fluids are incompressible and have uniform densities and viscosities for the liquid and for the vapor. The interface between the two fluids is assumed to be well
on the armature–flapper assembly can be described as: (11) where J is the moment of inertia of the armature–flapper assembly, Br is the damping coefficient for rotation of the armature–flapper assembly, Tnozzle is the torque produced by the net flow force, m is the mass of the armature–flapper assembly, and Bt is the damping coefficient for translation of the armature–flapper assembly. Changing the form of Eq. (11), the torque-motor stage dynamics can be written as a state-space equation:
basketball, will produce the greatest bounce height. This is because balls with greater elasticity in their material will lose less energy to heat and sound since it has the ability to decelerate slower due to its flexible material and thus, will transfer more kinetic energy to elastic potential energy more efficiently causing the ball to bounce
metallurgical process of continuous steel slab casting in terms of fluid flow, heat and mass transfers in the manufacture production. Finally, this paper reviews the physical and mathematical modelling in physical experiment and mathematical models, which has been used to study in the process. Keywords: Continuous Casting, Steel, Slab, Physical Modelling, Tundish, Mathematical Modelling, Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer, Instruction, Report 1. Introduction Continuous casting is a casting process that
Introduction: 2.1. Heat transfer: Heat transfer is the science that pursues to foresee the energy transfer that may take place among material bodies as an outcome of a temperature difference. Thermodynamics explains that this energy transfer is described as heat. The science of heat transfer pursues not only to explain how heat energy may be transfer, but also to foresee the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain quantified conditions. The fact that a heat-transfer rate is the desired
streaking across the night sky is an extremely good example to show that re-entry can get hot! This intense heat is a result of friction between the speeding meteor and the air. How hot can something get during re-entry? The Space Shuttle in orbit has a mass of 100,000 kg (220,000 lb.), an orbital veloc... ... middle of paper ... ... burn. This burn changes the Shuttle’s trajectory to re-enter the atmosphere by establishing a –1° to – 2° re-entry flight-path angle. After this maneuver, the Shuttle
ideally want to launch the ball in the highest possible speed. The one value we can measure for deformation is the coefficient of restitution (further on as ‘COR’). The COR is defined as the ability of one object to transfer energy to another at impact, between 0.0 for perfectly inelastic collision and 1.0 for perfectly elastic. In golf, it describes the ability of the golf club to transfer energy to the ball at impact. Ideally a player will want higher values of COR. When the ball is easily deformed
exergy transfers by heat, work and mass from the PEM fuel cell are, respectively, defined as: Σ(Ex) ̇_heat=(1-T_o/T_FC )×r_HL×Q ̇_FC (28) Σ(Ex) ̇_work=W ̇_FC (29) Σ(Ex) ̇_(mass,in)=(Ex) ̇_(H_(2,in) )+(Ex) ̇_(O_(2,in) )=(n ̇×ex)_(H_(2,in) )+(n ̇×ex)_(O_(2,in) ) (30) It is noted that the inlet oxygen and hydrogen gases are normally humidified before entering the cell. However, the mass flow rate
the stamping of the emblem. It's Basic Physics When looking at a collision between a baseball bat and ball, three things always apply: Conservation of linear momentum- The linear momentum of a particle of mass, m, moving with a velocity, v, is defined to be the product of the mass and velocity: p=mv Elastic collision- An elastic collision between two objects is one in which total kinetic energy (as well as total momentum) is the same before and after the collision. Conservation of energy-
Paper Airplanes, flight at its simplest for humans. As kids, we learned how to build paper airplanes and send them soaring into the sky. We didn't stop to think about why the airplanes where able to fly after the initial thrust we gave them or how they were able to glide for so long afterwards. Ignorance was bliss then, but now we strive to understand how things work. Looking back to the childhood past time of flying paper airplanes, I will try to explain some of the parts that make paper airplanes
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION In thermodynamics Refrigeration is the major application area, in which the heat is transferred from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region. The devices which produce refrigeration are known as Refrigerators and the cycle on which it operates are called refrigeration cycles. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is the most regularly used refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is alternately vaporized and condensed and in the vapor
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTODUCTION TO ADVANCE MATERIALS Advanced materials are classified as completely new materials which have some specific properties and functions. These advance materials have large utility in daily life, hospitality, industries, sports etc. currently scientists and researchers are working and studying their specific functions etc. some great examples of these materials include thin membranes, Composite and hybrid materials, polymers, ceramic
the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This boils down to force equals mass times acceleration, F = ma. This little equation turns out to be immensely useful, again and again. If you add together all the forces acting on an object, they equal the mass of the object (in kg) times the acceleration of the object (in m/sec^2). Force is measured in newtons. One newton is the force required to accelerate a 1-kg mass to 1 m/sec^2. Newton’s 3rd Law The force exerted by object
system and the reference environment (Holman, 2009). Exergy can be destroyed by irreversibility of a process. There have been several studies on the exergy analysis of vapor compression refrigeration cycle. (T. Hari Prasad, 2009) Investigation of coefficient of performance, and determine the second law efficiency vapor compression refrigeration cycle using R-12 as refrigerant based on exergy analysis. (X.Xu, 1992) It studied of exergy analysis on vapor compression refrigeration using R12, R134a and
Basically, the less mass, the greater the speed and distance. More mass will result in a higher amount of kinetic energy with a side effect of a decrease in distance. Lighter arrows will be more accurate due to having a flatter trajectory and less nose drop than a heavier arrow. Heavy arrows have
convection, fluid surrounding a heat source receives heat, becomes less dense and rises. The surrounding, cooler fluid then moves to replace it. This cooler fluid is then heated and the process continues, forming convection current; this process transfers heat energy from the bottom of the convection cell to top. The driving force for natural convection is buoyancy, a result of differences in fluid density. Because of this, the presence of a proper acceleration