The thermal performance of a heat exchanger depends upon various parameters like inlet temperature of a hot fluid, type of hot fluid, type of cold fluid, shape of baffles, material of baffles, baffles angle and property of ribs. Basically fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are largely depends upon the Reynolds number (Re). Reynolds number is basically the ratio of inertia force to viscous force. Re is only the factor by which we can decide whether the fluid is laminar or turbulent in shell and tube type of heat exchanger. Heat exchanger is an adiabatic device in which heat is transferred from one fluid to another fluid across a plate surface. In this paper we have introduced some special type of triangular baffles with rectangular channels. The purpose …show more content…
Special allowance changes are made for finned tubes. The special types of baffles: Diamond Shaped baffles Z-Shaped baffles V-baffles 45° inclined baffles Porous baffles
Experimental setup
In this experiment heat exchanger consists of rectangular channel and special type of triangular baffles having triple pass tubes.
Design aspects
An optimal design of a heat exchanger is triangular baffle having triple pass tube arrangement with rectangular channel largely depends on the operating conditions of the heat exchanger and can be accomplished by appropriate design of tube layout, baffle overlapping and helix angle. The baffle angle is 5º-10º.
Governing Equations
The steady state of the heat transfer rate is implicit to be equal to the heat loss from the test section which can be expressed as:
Qair =Qconv (1)
Where, Qair= Cp,a (To-Ti) (2)
Qconv= hA( Tw – Tb) (3)
Where, Tb = (To + Ti)/2
Two equations were used in this experiment to determine the initial temperature of the hot water. The first equation
When there is a heat exchange between two objects, the object’s temperature will change. The rate at which this change will occur happens according to Newton’s Law of heating and cooling. This law states the rate of temperature change is directly proportional between the two objects. The data in this lab will exhibit that an object will stay in a state of temperature equilibrium, unless the object comes in contact with another object of a different temperature. Newton’s Law of Heat and Cooling can be understood by using this formula:
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
In the movie A Beautiful Mind, the description of schizophrenia is shown in many accurate ways. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) states that the symptoms of this disease are delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or unorganized or catatonic behavior. People with schizophrenia are also socially withdrawn and awkward when in contact with other people. These traits of the sickness are shown in detail throughout the movie by way of the character John Nash’s struggle with the disease. Nash is a very intelligent professor but believes he is working with the government to foil a Soviet attack plot. Nash eventually goes onto win a Nobel Prize for one of his theories. The movie shows the effects of schizophrenia on not only one man, but also on the friends and family of the ill individual. Treatment is discussed but not to any great length due to him ignoring the doctor’s orders on medication. Overall the movie shows some very prevalent traits of the disease in great detail during certain parts of the film.
The Roman and Chinese empire, once established, shared a number of common features as well as differences. For this reason, I picked these two empires for my essay. My focus for this essay is to differentiate between the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire, also state the similarities that these two empires had or might have had. Main points that I will use to differentiate these two empires are religion, origins of empire, economics, and agriculture. Based on these four points I will be able to get an idea on how these two empires ruled, as well as see what made the Chinese and Roman Empire the wonderful and unique empire that they were.
Our current society is not capable of turning into one similar to Gilead. Gilead is an unstable time period, for what was known to be the United States of America. There are several reasons why our society today cannot be one like Gilead. The people of Gilead do many acts that violate the Bill of Rights, which our society respects highly. The United States Constitution is also violated in the novel, The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood.
Quickly and carefully transfer the heated metal from the test tube to the water in the calorimeter.
Exhaust: Converging afterburning jet pipe, variable area divergent secondary nozzle, with 3 bearing swivel arrangement.
Independent variables: The temperature of hcl gas will be decreased and increased throughout the experiment.
Objects that are not the same size but have the same surface area to volume ratios loose heat at the same rate. So a flask, with a volume of 200cm3 with a surface area of 160cm2 and a surface area to volume ratio of 1.25:1, will loose heat at the same rate as a similar flask of volume 625 and a surface area of 500 which also has a surface area to volume ratio of 1.25:1. However, generally when you increase the size of an object the surface area to volume ratio decreases so in this example it is very likely that the two flasks in question are different shapes.
Thermoacoustics in the broadest sense is the phenomenon in which either sound is generated by a heated surface, or heat is moved from one place to another by sound. The thermoacoustic effect of which our project will take advantage is the latter of the two. Put simply, a thermoacoustic refrigerator creates a temperature gradient across a stack as a by product of induced resonance within a tube. The
The sheffler concentrator is designed in such a way that all the rays that are parallel to the axis of parabolic shape of concentrator are converged towards the focus. So, if the concentrator is aligned in such a way that its axis points towards sun almost all the incoming radiations will be reflected towards the focus of the concentrator. Scheffler concentrators can provide high temperature of about 500 ֯ C for many applications such as kitchen cooking, sterilization and steam generation etc. The utilization of Scheffler concentrators has gained progressive popularity in many regions of the world (Scheffler,
Dependent Variable ------------------ Rate at which the bubbles of oxygen rise, which will be calculated by observing how many bubbles of oxygen rise to the surface of a measuring cylinder (by means of downward displacement) in one minute. This will be measured in bubbles per ten seconds. Control variables: ¨ Volume of substrate used: 100ml ¨ Temperature: taken place at room temperature 21 degrees centigrade ¨ Type of substrate used: Hydrogen peroxide ¨ Mass of meat used: 5g ¨ Amount of water in the test tube in which the oxygen bubbles downward displaces in the water. This is so the time taken for each individual bubble to effectively rise to the bottom of the test tube will take the same amount of time.
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.
turbine via interceptor valves and control valves and after expanding enters the L.P. turbine stage via 2 numbers of cross over pipes. In the L.P. stage the steam expands in axially opposite direction to counteract the trust and enters the condenser placed directly below the L.P. turbine. The cooling water flowing throughout the condenser tubes condenses the steam and the condensate collected in the hot well of the condenser. The condensate collected is pumped by means of 3*50% duty condensate pumps through L.P. heaters to deaerator from where the boiler feed pump delivers the water to boiler through H.P. heaters thus forming a closed