terrorist organizations in modern day history. One of the most interesting types of terrorist organizations is Ethno-Nationalist/Separatist Terrorist groups. These types of terrorist groups consist of organizations such as the Fatah, IRA, PKK, and the Tamil Tigers. Ethno –Nationalist/Separatist terrorism is the “use of terrorism by a sub-state to, ethnic, or national group to change its access to state power” (Kilroy, 2008, p. 180). Groups of this nature are unlike any other types of terrorist groups in
Sunday, March 3, 2002 issue of “The New York Times” featured an article by Barbara Crossette, “The War on Terror Points a Country Toward Peace. The second sentence of this article stated: "A week ago, the government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, one of Asia's most ruthless and totalitarian rebel movements, agreed to a firm cease-fire, with the promise of peace talks to come".[1] But are the LTTE planning on keeping their promises this time? Is Sri Lanka's 20 year old struggle
Conflict as a socio-political phenomenon is inherent in any society. He is one of the manifestations of the political process, method of resolving its contradictions. The important role of conflict marked already the ancients who asserted that the source of the movement of all things lies in the formation of opposites and their struggle. Conflict as a social phenomenon was first studied in the writings of Georg Simmel, G. Hegel, Marx, A. Smith, A. Tocqueville. Isolation of political conflicts in
On October 17, 2009, seventy-six Tamil refugees arrived off the cost of Victoria, British Columbia in a rusty boat followed by another four hundred ninety two exhausted Sri Lankan Tamil asylum seekers in August 2010 (CBC News, 2010). Their migration stemmed from the civil war that had been ongoing in their homeland for over two decades. Human rights agencies and media around the world raised concerns over human rights violations, and death of tens of thousands of innocent civilians in Sri Lanka
Peramuna (JVP) insurgency of 1971. 7 During this incident, Sinhalese youths gained access to small arms by raiding police stations and ended up in State taking action by the killing many of the youth insurgents. Later on, the rise in Tamil militant groups along with the Tamil-Muslim minor clashes that took place in the early 1990’s caused tension among the Sri Lankan state and it had to strengthen it’s armed forces. 8 Now, post civil war, there is slight rigidity within the state and the civilians, that
Given the growing global threats of terrorism, it is significant that an understanding of the history, nature and mechanism-premises under which terror operates is obtained. This is significant as it would shape the perspective of policy makers when addressing issues of this nature. Terrorism, as it is understood is the action of none-state weak actors, individual or groups, who for some reasons feels suppressed, marginalized and, or denied what they may view as the basic human right. All terrorism
Rajiv Gandhi, the eldest son of Feroze and Indira Gandhi, was born on August 20, 1944 and the youngest person to become the Prime Minister of India at the age of 40. He was India’s 9th Prime Minister and 3rd among the Gandhi family. He held his position after her mother’s death on October 31, 1984 until he resigned on December 2, 1989 after an election defeat. Though having no relationship to Mahatma Gandhi, his leadership brought substantial influence in India’s external political relationship.
The Horn of Africa is one of the most important hubs for maritime traffic in the world today. Raw goods, including oil, that are departing the nations of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East must pass through this area in route to Europe and the West. Three-fourths of the Earth is covered in water and roughly eighty percent of global economic goods are transported via commercial maritime shippers. The volume of maritime trade is highly congested in this region. Ships must pass through either
Somalia's: Al Shabaab Terrorist Organization Montrice Riles DSC4012 Dr. Elizabeth Buchholz "We know that dictators are quick to choose aggression, while free nations strive to resolve differences in peace. We know that oppressive goverments support terror, while free governments fight the terrorists in their midst. We know that free peoples embrace progress and life, instead of becoming the recruits for murderous ideologies." George W. Bush, (Speech to UN General Assembly, September 21, 2004)
“Terrorism involves the use of violence by an organization other than a national government to cause intimidation or fear among a target audience;” at least, this is how Pape (2003) defines terrorism in his article “The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism” (343). The goal of this article by Pape is to discuss suicide terrorism and how it “follows a strategic logic, one specifically designed to coerce modern liberal democracies to make significant territorial concessions” (343). Similar to Pape,
Terrorist organizations employ a variety of methods to inflict damage on their enemies. Some of the methods that have been successfully deployed by terrorists groups include: guerrilla warfare, roadside bombs, LEDs, and suicide bombing. Among these methods, suicide bombing has proven to be the most effective method for terrorist organizations to employ and achieve their goals. Furthermore, in his book, Knights Under the Prophet’s Banner, Zawahiri argues that “the method of martyrdom operations
sufficient time on many chapter of the book explaining to the reader that foreign occupation is the cause of suicide terrorism. The main agitator of suicide attacks is “the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, a Marxist-Leninist group whose members are from Hindu families but who are adamantly opposed to religion” (Pape pg. 9). The Tamil Tigers committed 76 of the 315 suicide attacks. The author clearly and convincingly gets his message across by supporting
The media and entertainment play a very crucial role in our perception of violence in society. Exposure to violence in the media, including television, movies, music, and video games helps us construct our own perspective on violence. According to Joel Best, his theory on random violence states that random violence and violence, in general, is patternless, pointless, and leads to the deterioration of society. Many examples can be given from national and international media coverage on various random
Buddhism was created in early Indian civilization. Development of the religion began with the death of their founder. The Buddhist community established their standard cannon and their common goal which was, to bring enlightenment to the world. (Robinson and Johnson, 3) Buddhism spread rapidly and as with all other major religions when it begins to spread it breaks up into sects. Buddhism divided into two sects Hinayana and Mahayana. The Hinayanas settled in greater India and followed the earlier
Munnetra Kazhagam from the Dravida Kazhagam 5 Assembly Elections and the rise of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam to power 8 The changing nature of electoral pursuits of the DMK post AIADMK’s formation 9 The Tamil Eelam movement and its relevance for the DMK 10 Status of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in the Tamil politics of today 11 Introduction The political history of South India intertwines at odd ends with the one of the North. In 1944, North India transited from the Quit India movement to the Gandhi-Jinnah
Sri Lanka: Ethnic Conflict Tamils vs. Sinhalese What is the conflict and who are the parties involved? During the British colonial rule, the Tamils, who were the ethnic minority, were favored and given better positions in the government. However, after the country’s independence in 1948 the Sinhalese began to dominate the government, military, and all internal and external affairs. They removed the Tamils from the government positions they once occupied and made their religion (Buddhism) and language(Sinhala)
states. Sri Lanka was established as the Portuguese controlled island of Ceylon in 1505. The island had previously been under the control of two main ethnic groups; the Tamil and the Sinhalese, who had immigrated to the island from India in the 3rd and 5th centuries B.C.E respectively, along with a number of smaller ethnic groups. The Tamil controlled the
island that is made up of many different ethnicities, the Sinhalese who make up 75% population, the Tamils who make up 11% and 14% others. The differences amoung these groups on the basis of religion, language, and ethnicity has resulted in a 26* year long Civil War that began in July 1983 and ended in May 2009. The war was fought between the Sinhalese dominated state and militant Sri Lanka Tamil separatist movements. This paper will demonstrate how The Sri Lankan civlil war was truly a war against
The Merriam- Webster dictionary defines fiction as “something invented from the imagination or feigned; an invented story.” In Michael Ondaatje’s “author’s note” from his novel Anil’s Ghost, he labels his work as a “fictional work” (Ondaatje 1) because he invented the characters and the events that occurred. However, his novel is set during a true “political time and historical moment,” (Ondaatje 1) which is the Sri Lankan Civil War. While he did create the characters, he did not create the war.
Pro’s and Con’s of Nationalism Nationalism was coined back in the 1770’s it has a major role in the shaping many nations throughout the world. Nationalism has many positive and negative aspects to it. Nationalism has the strength to unify people despite their classes. It also has the ability to united people to lead movements against oppressive governments. There is a downside Nationalism can as method to evoke fear. The biggest negative is that most nationalism movement’s inevitably led to some