Sanction of 19 April 1713 whereby the Habsburg emperor Charles VI decreed the imperial succession arrangements as set out in his will, according precedence to his own daughters over the daughters of his (by now deceased) elder brother Joseph I. This proved prescient: in May 1717 the emperor’s own eldest daughter was born and on his death in 1740, she duly succeeded as Archduchess of Austria as well as to the thrones of the Bohemian and Hungarian lands within the Habsburg Monarchy as Queen Maria Theresa
The Habsburgs originated from a long line of German kings. The Habsburgs family married their way into power using inbreeding, which also to retain all their inherits inside the family. “And one the tactics used by the Hapsburgs was the promote dynastic marriages between Hapsburg cousins
Charles furthered the Pragmatic Sanction. The Pragmatic Sanction is a royal act, which allowed a female to inherit the territories of the Habsburg. In 1736 Maria Theresa married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. The marriage of Maria to Francis was one of love, which was very unlike many in that time. The French strongly opposed the marriage of Lorraine lands to the Habsburg lands and demanded that he give up his ancestral rights of Lorraine for the succession of Tuscany. Schooling Maria Theresa did
England and the Austrian, Habsburg Empire were both influenced by many of the same pressures during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Each nation witnessed segments of their society demand religious freedom, and each struggled with the issue of Monarchial government and who possessed the right to the throne. These were the pressures faced by both nations and, though there were similarities between the issues, each nation took a very different approach to solving their problems. England would
1618 as a regional conflict with the Hapsburg Empire, many parties were involved in the conflict. The Catholic Church was one such party struggling with the religious conflict of the Reformation. Other Nations such as France, England, Sweden, and Spain were involved as well and played a major role in obtaining greater power through the use of political actions under the guise of religion. Originating in Bohemia, the war’s roots take seed over a religious conflict. Duke Ferdinand issues an edict
enlisted the support of the middle class. The middle class was tired of the nobles' constant conflicts and demanded a change from feudalism. Instead, the New Monarchs turned to Roman law. Nations that were run by the New Monarchs include England, France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. The New Monarchy began in England after the end of civil wars (1485), the Wars of the Roses when Henry VII acquired the throne by force, thus instituting the dynasty of the Tudors. Henry VII passed laws to increase his power
terrorizing of Spanish ships in the Atlantic, and for championing the Netherlands in their revolt against Spain. Philip’s decision to send the Armada was ultimately a result of Queen Elizabeth I’s behavior toward Spain, and the influence of the Church who declared Elizabeth as illegitimate and therefore unfit to rule. The Armada was eventually defeated, resulting in a short-term defeat for Spain, but ultimately, a long-term triumph in the decade after. Background and context of the events leading to
and was little to no support to the army. The only reason given to why he was chosen in the first place was because he was the greatest nobleman in Spain at the time. The Spanish Armada failed by poor planning with no backup in case of failure and used the wrong leader to navigate the
defeated the Spanish Armada, the strongest naval power the world had ever seen. Henry IV of France took many steps that eventually led to a religious agreement in France. Louis XIII of France left France as a major European power. Philip II of Spain made Spain very rich and powerful during the height of his reign. Elizabeth Tudor I of England accomplished many things during her reign, proving her a great ruler. Elizabeth ruled as a woman in a male-dominant society. She was the first woman to rule
He had no children or other close relatives to succeed him as ruler of Spain. With the succession unresolved, on November 16, 1700, King Louis XIV of France declared his grandson, Phillip the Duke of Anjou, to be the new King of Spain. England and the Dutch failed to recognize Phillip as the Spanish king. Two years later, England, the emperor of Austria, Leopold I, and the Dutch Republic declared
went they kept losing more and more power. The time period that I focused on was the age of exploration and the reasons why the empire of Spain fell. Carlos the first was ruled from 1516-1556. During his rule they conquered the Inca and the Aztec empires and established and empire that had two administrative divisions. The first was the Vice royalty of New Spain that was located in North America in 1521 and the Vice royalty of Peru which was located in South America and was established in 1542. The
What makes a Spaniard unique within Western civilization? Why is Spain so different from other European countries? Some people look for a simple geographic answer. But the fact is that its geography has not changed that much since the days when Spain, as so many other European lands, was but a piece in the grand imperial mosaic put together by Rome. This common background persisted for several centuries as northern European tribes - Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks - overran southern Europe and
In the time of the New Monarchies, religion was integral to unifying the state. Monarchs such as Isabella of Castile tried to unify their countries as a result of religious purification. Isabella believed firmly that a stable Spain would only stem from a Catholic Spain. As a result, the reconquista was initiated and unification took place around the church. The monarchs insisted on religious conformity. In addition, parliamentary institutions were ignored or even sometimes abolished in order
those who worshiped differently. In Spain, King Phillip II waged war against the Islamic Ottoman Empire in an attempt to stop the spread of Islam in Western Europe and further spread Catholicism. Spain, the most powerful nation in Western Europe during the late 16th century also tried to interfere in French royal succession when Henry IV, a protestant, was to ascend to the throne. A fact that underscores the role of religion is that fighting between Spain and France continued even after Henry
Castile and Granada into one called España or Spain in English. Queen Isabella died and King Ferdinand passed on the crown to Joanna. Joanna’s husband Philip I of Castile desperately wanted the spanish crown and therefore proclaimed Joanna as mad and incapable of ruling over Spain, Philip became King Regent. Soon Phillip died of fever and was only king for a few short months. Joanna who was declared insane was not popular with the people of Spain, consequently the
Emperor Charles IV (aka Emperor Karl I) of Austria was born on August 17th, 1887 in Persenbeug Castle, Austria. Karl was the grand-nephew of the man he succeeded who was Emperor Franz Josef I. Emperor Franz Josef did have a son who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand. His son however, met an untimely demise leaving only Karl as the next successor. Karl married Zita of Burbon-Parma whom he was wed to until his death. Karl was originally an active member of the Austrian military until the death of Franz Josef
Ferdinand the Second was one of the most successful monarchs in establishing an absolutist rule in both political and religious areas. During his lifetime he held many titles and was a member of the House of Hapsburg. He was a strict Roman Catholic and did not have any tolerance for Protestants. Shortly after he was named ruler of Bohemia he rapidly pursued catholic reform with much success. He resolved many conflicts in Bohemia and throughout the Holy Roman Empire. Many historians believe Ferdinand
after her father passed away and gave the throne to her. She ruled over Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Glacia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. Maria Theresa was the last of the House of Habsburg and the only ever female ruler of the Habsburg dominions. Her Accomplishments Maria Theresa was the Archduchess of Austria, the Queen of Bohemia, and the Queen of Hungary. She wanted to make life throughout her kingdom better. She provided education to male serfs, created
The basis of this long standing war stemmed originally from the House of Habsburg’s motive to return the Protestant parts of the empire back to the true faith. Through this war the House of Habsburg lost control of its German territories, thus lessening its hold over other lands. Austria weakened as well with the threat of Ottoman Turks capturing its eastern possessions; they then ceased their role as a key player in European affairs for the
Duchess Elizabeth of Bavaria was the wife of 19th century Habsburg ruler, Franz Joseph I. She wed him at the ripe age of 16, and Franz only 23. Franz Joseph was the Emperor of Austria, the King of Hungary and also of Bohemia. Given that her husband was a man of great ruling, she had married herself into a world which attempted to give her a very formal lifestyle, and restrictive by court convention. The Duchess, better known as Sisi, which was her nickname, began to feel at odds with her new life