1. Introduction Erythromycin is one of the most common used macrolide antibiotics. Over the years after Abbott introduced Erythrocin® (erythromycin stearate) into the market, several generics and new brands have been introduced – generics in the form of different drug formulations and new brands in the form of different erythromycin salts. All these derivatives have the same pharmacodynamics and mechanism of action, but differ tremendously in their pharmacokinetics. This paper will give an
diabetes mellitus, however most patients are diagnosed with an idiopathic cause.1 The treatment of gastroparesis aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that improves gastric emptying through its prokinetic effects. When given orally many motilin agonists, including erythromycin, improve symptoms for several
The purpose of this literature review is to assess and appraise research studies in the last five years, investigating the latest management of community acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised adults patients. A literature search was performed using CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, UpToDate and PubMed databases. Boolean terms included: community acquired pneumonia, pneumonia, immunocompromised, adults, management, treatments, preventions, effectiveness, antibiotics, promotion, and
Azithromycin is Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic active in vitro to treat major pathogens that cause infections of the respiratory tract, other tissues and according to Wilson, Hannon, and Shields, they are: “bacterial infections, acute bacterial sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, tonsillitis, or pharyngitis.”(2014) It is manufactured under the trade name such as Azasite, Zithromax, and Zmax. Azithromycin acts by getting in to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and blocked
efficacy, has prompted some standard drug guides to Antimicrobial Therapy to replace penicillin V with clindamycin as the drug of choice in treating odontogenic infections.28 . The American Heart Association recommends clindamycin, rather than erythromycin, to penicillin-allergic patients requiring endocarditis
is not a very good interpretation of the results because it does contain data from some groups that was slightly deviated. But for the most part, if we look at our results we can say that Strep faecalis is sensitive to all antibiotics except for Erythromycin, so it is resistant to it. However, the class average in this case is a better number to look at which is 14. So in this case there could have been an experimental error or maybe like sterile disc was not completely pressed onto agar that gave
Ampicillin Ampicillin disrupts the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that are inside the bacterial cell wall. Then facilitated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes, cell lysis beings. Ampicillin is metabolized by Hydrolysis of the B-lactam ring to penicilloic acid. Microorganisms such as salmonella, Escherichia coli, campylobacter, shigella aquificae, thermotogae, chrysiogenetes, nitrospira, deferribacteres, other eubacteria
Background Acne vulgaris is the most common cutaneous disorder affecting adolescents and young adults. Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosabaceous follicles with four pathogenic factors. These factors are follicular hyperkeratinization, increased sebum production, infection with Propionibacterium acnes within the follicle, and resulting inflammation. Follicular hyperkeratinization is increased proliferation and decreased desquamation of keratinocytes lining the follicular orifice. This results
immune response). Once inside the host, chlamydia bind sialic acid receptors, which are usually found in mucous-rich environments. Antigenic variation is ... ... middle of paper ... ...nant women and neonates (that are infected with Chlamydia), erythromycin is the drug of choice. Chlamydia may be difficult to completely eradicate, but in the past few years, the incidence rates have been steady, and with planning and spreading information about it, we can attack the overwhelming incidence rate and
infections, including Lyme disease and syphilis (Nester, 2007). Penicillin includes a family of antimicrobial medications that interfere with the cell wall synthesis of bacteria; penicillin often treats pneumonia and UTIs, for instance (Nester, 2007). Erythromycin prevents the continuation of protein synthesis, and is often the drug of choice for people that are allergic to penicillin, and thus has similar uses (Nester, 2007). Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that prevents peptide bonds from
Legionella pneumophila GRAPH Introduction: Legionella pneumophila are gram-negative rods. They are very difficult to culture because of their complex nutrient requirements, such as cysteine, high concentrations of iron, and the use of activated charcoal agar. They survive as intracellular pathogens of either protozoa or human macrophages. They are most often found in stagnant water reservoirs like air conditioning cooling towers, whirlpool spas, humidifiers, faucets and shower heads, and are
Dreams of Fame in Djerassi’s Cantor's Dilemma Opportunistic scientists, the most hypocritical deviants of the modern age, revolve around the scientific method, or at least they used to. The scientific method once involved formulating a hypothesis from a problem posed, experimenting, and forming a conclusion that best explained the data collected. Yet today, those who are willing to critique the work of their peers are themselves performing the scientific method out of sequence. I propose that
Over the years obesity rates have risen to alarming rates. For decades health professionals have treated the symptoms with medications and procedures but no one has addressed why our country is in the middle of an obesity epidemic. In the past, I have viewed obese people as lazy more recently I have even come to believe that are genetics or thyroid issues have been to blame. However, if we could find the source of the problem we could end obesity. The goal of this essay is to determine who is to
Every year, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening more and more people. As much of a problem as it is, many people are not educated on the term drug resistance. Since it is such a growing concern, it becomes confusing as to why drug resistance is occurring and what can be done to prevent it. Because drug resistance is such a health problem, determining what it is, how these bacteria can acquire the antimicrobial agents, and the possible solutions to the resistance are the types of actions
Conjunctivitis & red eye What is conjunctivitis? Conjunctivitis is an eye condition characterized by inflammation and redness of the conjunctiva, the outer membrane of the eye. The condition is most often caused by allergies, viruses, or bacterial infection. Individuals usually experience eye redness, itchiness, and irritation. Occasionally, the eye will feel as if there is sand in it. Severe causes of red eye that can lead to visual loss include keratitis, iritis, and acute angle-closure glaucoma
Smoking Tobacco and tobacco products Betel nut (supari) Mouthwashes, e.g. chlorhexidine, Beverages (tea, coffee, red wine, cola) Foods (curry, cooking oils and fried foods, foods with colorings, berries, beetroot) Dietary precipitate Antibiotics (erythromycin, amoxicillins) Iron supplements Intrinsic stains Disease: - Haematological diseases - Liver diseases - Diseases of enamel and dentin Medication: - Tetracycline stains - Other antibiotics
Introduction: Antibiotics have the ability to kill or hinder the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics contain compounds that are naturally produced by organisms to combat diseases caused by microbes. Discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming became the first stepping stone of many new antibiotics of today’s modern medicine. Antibiotics typically invade the very components that make up bacteria, such as cell walls and metabolic pathways (Sato et al., 2014). However, frequent mutations of bacteria
sleeves and long pants. Also, tuck your pants in socks. And, wear a hat. Finally, stay away from wooded areas. Every disease should have a treatment. Lyme disease has many treatments. Antibiotic drugs such as doxycline, amoxicillin, penicillin, and erythromycin are treatments for Lyme disease. There is a new vaccine for the disease. Its name is LYMErix TM. Diseases lie in a large geographical content. Lyme disease is mostly found in the United States of America and Europe.
Chlamydia (STD) ľ Chlamydia trachoma is a sexually transmitted disease that is transmitted by direct contact through oral, vaginal and anal intercourse and is also transmitted to newborns through vaginal birth by an infected mother. This disease is not passed on by indirect contact, such as a toilet seat. ľ Chlamydia trachoma is biologically active in vaginal and penile secretions and fluids. ľ The usual reservoir for C. trachoma is the mucous membranes of the body found in the genital region
In 2013, a bacterium was found in New Zealand that was resistant to every single antibiotic known to man. New Zealand's leading microbiologist said the country might be setback 100 years when disease-causing bacteria eventually becomes immune to antibiotics. The World Health Organization has said that in 10 years, antibiotics will no longer effectively treat bacterial diseases (Su, 2014). Selection of resistant microorganisms is exacerbated by inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Animal husbandry