Manipulation And Manipulation

Question 2: Manipulation, Deception, and Lying Manipulation, deception, and lying all happen in everyday lives. This paper will distinguish between manipulation, deception, and lying and why these ethical wrongs depend on the intention and not on the consequences. To outline the paper, the first section will distinguish between manipulation, deception, and lying. This section will also show how the three work together in order to formulate an ethical wrong. The next section will discuss how manipulation, deception, and lying work together to gain some type of benefit. The main goal of the section is to show how manipulation, deception, and lying depend on the individual’s intentions to benefit or get the desired outcome.

Distinguishing between

Deception can also be described as, “Deception is a psychological process by which one individual deliberately attempts to convince another person to accept as true what the liar knows to be false, to gain some type of benefit or to avoid loss” (Agosta,Pezzoli,&Sartori, 2013). The use of deception is telling an outright lie to benefit from the individual that the person is lying to (Hartman et al., 2008, p.421). Deceiving individuals can be as little as a ‘white lie’ which is a lie people use in everyday life or “outright lies” information that is completely different than the truth (Agosta et. al., 2013). Deception is intentional, and the target that is being deceived must have beliefs, if not than deception is not occurring (Mahon, n.d., p. 185). The target of deception must be capable of knowing that the liar is trying to deceive and must have a thought process capable enough to have beliefs even on the false truth (Mahon, n.d., p.185). Deception can refer to silence as well, if the intention of the individual is to try and deceive them into doing something else (Eenkhoorn, Graffland,

360). In order to establish a lie, it is required a person to do four things (Eenkhoorn, Graffland, 2011). In order for a lie to be established there are four requirements: “(1) That a person makes a statement, (2) that the person making the statement believes the statement to be false, (3) that the believed false statement is made to another person and (4) that it is the intention of the person making the statement that is judged to be true by another person” (Eenkhoorn, Graffland, 2011, p. 185). For example, if the intention of a car salesman is to sale a faulty car to a customer that has knowledge on the particular car already and tells that the car is in perfect condition even though it is not, than the car salesman is telling a lie if the person believes him that the car is in perfect